通过双耳节拍消除注意瞬脱：个性化认知增强的一个实例

Reedijk Susan A, Bolders Anne, Colzato Lorenza S, Hommel Bernhard

Institute for Psychological Research, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University , Leiden , Netherlands.

Front Psychiatry. 2015 Jun 4;6:82. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00082. eCollection 2015.

Enhancing human cognitive performance is a topic that continues to spark scientific interest. Studies into cognitive-enhancement techniques often fail to take inter-individual differences into account, however, which leads to underestimation of the effectiveness of these techniques. The current study investigated the effect of binaural beats, a cognitive-enhancement technique, on attentional control in an attentional blink (AB) task. As predicted from a neurocognitive approach to cognitive control, high-frequency binaural beats eliminated the AB, but only in individuals with low spontaneous eye-blink rates (indicating low striatal dopamine levels). This suggests that the way in which cognitive-enhancement techniques, such as binaural beats, affect cognitive performance depends on inter-individual differences.

提高人类认知能力是一个持续引发科学兴趣的话题。然而，对认知增强技术的研究往往没有考虑个体间的差异，这导致对这些技术有效性的低估。当前的研究调查了一种认知增强技术——双耳节拍，在注意瞬脱（AB）任务中对注意力控制的影响。正如从认知控制的神经认知方法所预测的那样，高频双耳节拍消除了注意瞬脱，但仅在自发眨眼率较低（表明纹状体多巴胺水平较低）的个体中如此。这表明，诸如双耳节拍之类的认知增强技术影响认知表现的方式取决于个体间的差异。