Tilmans Sebastien, Russel Kory, Sklar Rachel, Page Leah, Kramer Sasha, Davis Jennifer
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Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, California, USA, e-mail:
Environ Urban. 2015 Apr;27(1):89-104. doi: 10.1177/0956247815572746.
Container-based sanitation (CBS) - in which wastes are captured in sealable containers that are then transported to treatment facilities - is an alternative sanitation option in urban areas where on-site sanitation and sewerage are infeasible. This paper presents the results of a pilot household CBS service in Cap Haitien, Haiti. We quantify the excreta generated weekly in a dense urban slum, the proportion safely removed via container-based public and household toilets, and the costs associated with these systems. The CBS service yielded an approximately 3.5-fold decrease in the unmanaged share of faeces produced, and nearly eliminated the reported use of open defecation and "flying toilets" among service recipients. The costs of this pilot small-scale service were higher than those of large-scale waterborne sewerage, but economies of scale have the potential to reduce CBS costs over time. The paper concludes with a discussion of planning and policy implications of incorporating CBS into the menu of sanitation options for rapidly growing cities.
基于容器的卫生设施（CBS）——将废物收集在可密封的容器中，然后运往处理设施——是城市地区现场卫生设施和下水道不可行时的一种替代卫生选择。本文介绍了海地海地角一项试点家庭CBS服务的结果。我们对一个密集城市贫民窟每周产生的排泄物、通过基于容器的公共和家庭厕所安全清除的比例以及与这些系统相关的成本进行了量化。CBS服务使产生的粪便未管理份额减少了约3.5倍，几乎消除了服务对象报告的露天排便和“飞厕”的使用。这项试点小规模服务的成本高于大规模的水冲式下水道，但随着时间的推移，规模经济有可能降低CBS成本。本文最后讨论了将CBS纳入快速发展城市卫生选择菜单的规划和政策影响。
