Galbraith David W
BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ, USA ; School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ, USA.
Front Genet. 2015 Jun 5;6:198. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00198. eCollection 2015.
Publication forms the core structure supporting the development and transmission of scientific knowledge. For this reason, it is essential that the highest standards of quality control be maintained, in particular to ensure that the information being transmitted allows reproducible replication of the described experiments, and that the interpretation of the results is sound. Quality control has traditionally involved editorial decisions based on anonymous pre-publication peer review. Post-publication review of individual articles took the lesser role since it did not feed directly back to the original literature. Rapid advances in computer and communications technologies over the last thirty years have revolutionized scientific publication, and the role and scope of post-publication review has greatly expanded. This perspective examines the ways in which pre- and post-publication peer review influence the scientific literature, and in particular how they might best be redrawn to deal with the twin problems of scientific non-reproducibility and fraud increasingly encountered at the frontiers of science.
发表构成了支撑科学知识发展与传播的核心架构。因此，维持最高标准的质量控制至关重要，特别是要确保所传播的信息能让所描述的实验得以可重复复制，且结果的解释合理可靠。传统上，质量控制涉及基于匿名预发表同行评审的编辑决策。对个别文章的发表后评审所起的作用较小，因为它不会直接反馈到原始文献中。过去三十年里计算机和通信技术的飞速发展彻底改变了科学出版，发表后评审的作用和范围也大幅扩大。本文探讨了发表前和发表后同行评审影响科学文献的方式，尤其是如何对它们进行优化以应对在科学前沿日益凸显的科学不可重复性和欺诈这两大问题。
