van Beusekom Gabriël, Baams Laura, Bos Henny M W, Overbeek Geertjan, Sandfort Theo G M
a Research Institute of Child Development and Education , University of Amsterdam.
b Department of Developmental Psychology , Utrecht University.
J Sex Res. 2016;53(1):98-108. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2014.993462. Epub 2015 Jun 22.
We assessed whether homophobic name-calling accounts for the relationship between gender nonconformity and mental health (social anxiety and psychological distress) in a sample of 1,026 Dutch adolescents (boys: n = 517) ages 11 to 16 (Mage = 13.4). We also explored whether this hypothesized mediation differs by sexual attraction and biological sex. Data were collected by means of paper-and-pencil questionnaires at five secondary schools located in urban areas in the Netherlands. Mediation analysis indicated that gender nonconformity was related to both social anxiety and psychological distress partially via homophobic name-calling. Moderated mediation analysis further showed that the mediating role of homophobic name-calling varied according to levels of same-sex attraction (SSA) and biological sex. The mediation effects increased in magnitude when levels of SSA increased and were significant only for adolescents with mean and high levels of SSA. The mediation effects were significant for boys and girls in general, although the mediation effects were stronger for boys than for girls. Our findings emphasize the importance of research and school-level interventions to focus on factors that promote acceptance of cross-gender behavior among adolescents.
我们在1026名11至16岁（平均年龄13.4岁）的荷兰青少年（男孩：n = 517）样本中，评估恐同辱骂是否是导致性别不一致与心理健康（社交焦虑和心理困扰）之间关系的原因。我们还探究了这种假设的中介效应是否因性吸引力和生理性别而异。数据通过纸质问卷在荷兰城市地区的五所中学收集。中介分析表明，性别不一致与社交焦虑和心理困扰均部分地通过恐同辱骂相关联。调节中介分析进一步表明，恐同辱骂的中介作用因同性吸引力（SSA）水平和生理性别而异。当SSA水平增加时，中介效应的大小增加，并且仅对平均水平和高水平SSA的青少年具有显著意义。一般而言，中介效应在男孩和女孩中均显著，尽管男孩的中介效应比女孩更强。我们的研究结果强调了研究和学校层面干预措施的重要性，即关注促进青少年接受跨性别行为的因素。
