Lysens R J, Ostyn M S, Vanden Auweele Y, Lefevre J, Vuylsteke M, Renson L
Institute of Physical Education, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium.
Am J Sports Med. 1989 Sep-Oct;17(5):612-9. doi: 10.1177/036354658901700504.
A 1 year prospective study was done to develop an accident-prone and overuse-prone profile of young athletes. A group of 185 freshman physical education students (118 males; 67 females of the same age (18.3 +/- 0.5 years) trained under the same conditions and were exposed to similar extrinsic risk factors. Using a descriptive statistical technique, an analysis of correspondence, the complex interrelation between the criterium variables (acute injuries and overuse injuries) and the predictor variables (intrinsic risk factors; physical characteristics--anthropometric data, physical fitness parameters, flexibility aspects and malalignment of the lower extremities; and psychological factors--16 personality traits) was estimated for males and females separately. Although dynamic strength seems to be an important risk factor in acute injuries, sports accidents must be seen in relation to psychological factors. However, the overuse-prone profile is mainly based on physical traits: a combination of muscle weakness, ligamentous laxity, and muscle tightness predisposes to stress injuries. In addition, these overuse effects are intensified by large body weight and length, a high explosive strength, and malalignment of the lower limbs. Nevertheless, it has to be kept in mind that psychosomatic factors play a role in how one experiences these overuse phenomena.
开展了一项为期1年的前瞻性研究，以确定年轻运动员易发生意外和过度使用损伤的特征。一组185名大一体育专业学生（118名男性；67名女性，年龄相同（18.3±0.5岁））在相同条件下训练，面临相似的外部风险因素。采用描述性统计技术——对应分析，分别对男性和女性的标准变量（急性损伤和过度使用损伤）与预测变量（内在风险因素；身体特征——人体测量数据、身体素质参数、柔韧性方面和下肢排列不齐；以及心理因素——16种人格特质）之间的复杂相互关系进行了评估。虽然动态力量似乎是急性损伤的一个重要风险因素，但运动意外必须结合心理因素来看待。然而，易发生过度使用损伤的特征主要基于身体特征：肌肉无力、韧带松弛和肌肉紧张的综合作用易导致应力性损伤。此外，体重和身高较大、爆发力强以及下肢排列不齐会加剧这些过度使用的影响。尽管如此，必须记住，身心因素在人们如何体验这些过度使用现象方面发挥着作用。
