Thatje Sven, Marsh Leigh, Roterman Christopher Nicolai, Mavrogordato Mark N, Linse Katrin
Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
PLoS One. 2015 Jun 24;10(6):e0127621. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127621. eCollection 2015.
Hydrothermal vents in the Southern Ocean are the physiologically most isolated chemosynthetic environments known. Here, we describe Kiwa tyleri sp. nov., the first species of yeti crab known from the Southern Ocean. Kiwa tyleri belongs to the family Kiwaidae and is the visually dominant macrofauna of two known vent sites situated on the northern and southern segments of the East Scotia Ridge (ESR). The species is known to depend on primary productivity by chemosynthetic bacteria and resides at the warm-eurythermal vent environment for most of its life; its short-range distribution away from vents (few metres) is physiologically constrained by the stable, cold waters of the surrounding Southern Ocean. Kiwa tylerihas been shown to present differential life history adaptations in response to this contrasting thermal environment. Morphological adaptations specific to life in warm-eurythermal waters, as found on - or in close proximity of - vent chimneys, are discussed in comparison with adaptations seen in the other two known members of the family (K. hirsuta, K. puravida), which show a preference for low temperature chemosynthetic environments.
南大洋的热液喷口是已知生理上最孤立的化学合成环境。在此，我们描述了泰勒奇瓦蟹（Kiwa tyleri sp. nov.），这是南大洋已知的第一种雪人蟹。泰勒奇瓦蟹属于奇瓦蟹科，是位于东斯科舍海岭（ESR）北段和南段的两个已知喷口处视觉上占主导地位的大型动物。已知该物种依赖化学合成细菌进行初级生产，其一生大部分时间都生活在温暖广温性的喷口环境中；它远离喷口（几米）的短距离分布在生理上受到周围南大洋稳定冷水的限制。泰勒奇瓦蟹已被证明针对这种截然不同的热环境呈现出不同的生活史适应性。与该科其他两个已知成员（多毛奇瓦蟹、纯净奇瓦蟹）所表现出的对低温化学合成环境的偏好相比，我们讨论了在喷口烟囱上或其附近发现的、特定于温暖广温性水域生活的形态适应性。
