Neiderud Carl-Johan
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2015 Jun 24;5:27060. doi: 10.3402/iee.v5.27060. eCollection 2015.
The world is becoming more urban every day, and the process has been ongoing since the industrial revolution in the 18th century. The United Nations now estimates that 3.9 billion people live in urban centres. The rapid influx of residents is however not universal and the developed countries are already urban, but the big rise in urban population in the next 30 years is expected to be in Asia and Africa. Urbanization leads to many challenges for global health and the epidemiology of infectious diseases. New megacities can be incubators for new epidemics, and zoonotic diseases can spread in a more rapid manner and become worldwide threats. Adequate city planning and surveillance can be powerful tools to improve the global health and decrease the burden of communicable diseases.
如今，世界正日益城市化，自18世纪工业革命以来这一进程便一直在持续。联合国目前估计，有39亿人生活在城市中心。然而，居民的快速涌入并非普遍现象，发达国家已经实现了城市化，但预计未来30年城市人口的大幅增长将出现在亚洲和非洲。城市化给全球健康和传染病流行病学带来了诸多挑战。新的特大城市可能成为新流行病的孵化器，人畜共患疾病可能以更快的速度传播并成为全球威胁。适当的城市规划和监测可以成为改善全球健康和减轻传染病负担的有力工具。
