Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2015 Aug 6;373(2047). doi: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0246.
A locally causal hidden-variable theory of quantum physics need not be constrained by the Bell inequalities if this theory also partially violates the measurement independence condition. However, such violation can appear unphysical, implying implausible conspiratorial correlations between the hidden variables of particles being measured and earlier determinants of instrumental settings. A novel physically plausible explanation for such correlations is proposed, based on the hypothesis that states of physical reality lie precisely on a non-computational measure-zero dynamically invariant set in the state space of the universe: the Cosmological Invariant Set Postulate. To illustrate the relevance of the concept of a global invariant set, a simple analogy is considered where a massive object is propelled into a black hole depending on the decay of a radioactive atom. It is claimed that a locally causal hidden-variable theory constrained by the Cosmological Invariant Set Postulate can violate the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality without being conspiratorial, superdeterministic, fine-tuned or retrocausal, and the theory readily accommodates the classical compatibilist notion of (experimenter) free will.
如果局部因果隐变量理论也部分违反测量独立性条件，那么它不一定受到贝尔不等式的限制。然而，这种违反可能看起来不真实，暗示被测量粒子的隐变量与仪器设置的早期决定因素之间存在不合理的共谋相关性。本文基于物理实在的状态恰好位于宇宙状态空间中的非计算零测度动态不变集的假设，提出了一种新颖的、合理的解释这种相关性的方法，即宇宙不变集假设。为了说明全局不变集概念的相关性，考虑了一个简单的类比，其中一个大质量物体根据放射性原子的衰变而被推进黑洞。据称，受宇宙不变集假设约束的局部因果隐变量理论可以违反克劳瑟-霍恩-希姆尼-霍尔特不等式，而无需共谋、超决定论、微调或回溯，并且该理论很容易适应（实验者）自由意志的经典相容主义概念。
