Fessler Michael B
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Maildrop D2-01, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA,
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2015 Aug;15(8):48. doi: 10.1007/s11882-015-0548-7.
Four decades ago, it was observed that stimulation of T cells induces rapid changes in cellular cholesterol that are required before proliferation can commence. Investigators returning to this phenomenon have finally revealed its molecular underpinnings. Cholesterol trafficking and its dysregulation are now also recognized to strongly influence dendritic cell function, T cell polarization, and antibody responses. In this review, the state of the literature is reviewed on how cholesterol and its trafficking regulate the cells of the adaptive immune response and in vivo disease phenotypes of dysregulated adaptive immunity, including allergy, asthma, and autoimmune disease. Emerging evidence supporting a potential role for statins and other lipid-targeted therapies in the treatment of these diseases is presented. Just as vascular biologists have embraced immunity in the pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis, so should basic and clinical immunologists in allergy, pulmonology, and other disciplines seek to encompass a basic understanding of lipid science.
四十年前，人们观察到T细胞的刺激会引发细胞胆固醇的快速变化，而这种变化是细胞增殖开始前所必需的。重新研究这一现象的研究人员最终揭示了其分子基础。胆固醇的转运及其失调现在也被认为会强烈影响树突状细胞功能、T细胞极化和抗体反应。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了关于胆固醇及其转运如何调节适应性免疫反应细胞以及适应性免疫失调的体内疾病表型（包括过敏、哮喘和自身免疫性疾病）的文献现状。文中还介绍了支持他汀类药物和其他脂质靶向疗法在治疗这些疾病中潜在作用的新证据。正如血管生物学家在动脉粥样硬化的发病机制和治疗中融入了免疫知识一样，过敏、肺病学和其他学科的基础和临床免疫学家也应该寻求对脂质科学有一个基本的了解。
