Vavricka Stephan R, Schoepfer Alain, Scharl Michael, Lakatos Peter L, Navarini Alexander, Rogler Gerhard
*Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; †Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Triemlispital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; ‡Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; §1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; and ‖Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015 Aug;21(8):1982-92. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000392.
Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are frequent and may occur before or after IBD diagnosis. EIM may impact the quality of life for patients with IBD significantly requiring specific treatment depending on the affected organ(s). They most frequently affect joints, skin, or eyes, but can also less frequently involve other organs such as liver, lungs, or pancreas. Certain EIM, such as peripheral arthritis, oral aphthous ulcers, episcleritis, or erythema nodosum, are frequently associated with active intestinal inflammation and usually improve by treatment of the intestinal activity. Other EIM, such as uveitis or ankylosing spondylitis, usually occur independent of intestinal inflammatory activity. For other not so rare EIM, such as pyoderma gangrenosum and primary sclerosing cholangitis, the association with the activity of the underlying IBD is unclear. Successful therapy of EIM is essential for improving quality of life of patients with IBD. Besides other options, tumor necrosis factor antibody therapy is an important therapy for EIM in patients with IBD.
炎症性肠病（IBD）的肠外表现（EIM）很常见，可能在IBD诊断之前或之后出现。EIM可能会显著影响IBD患者的生活质量，需要根据受影响的器官进行特定治疗。它们最常影响关节、皮肤或眼睛，但也较少累及其他器官，如肝脏、肺或胰腺。某些EIM，如外周关节炎、口腔阿弗他溃疡、巩膜外层炎或结节性红斑，常与肠道炎症活动相关，通常通过治疗肠道炎症而改善。其他EIM，如葡萄膜炎或强直性脊柱炎，通常与肠道炎症活动无关。对于其他不太罕见的EIM，如坏疽性脓皮病和原发性硬化性胆管炎，与潜在IBD活动的关联尚不清楚。成功治疗EIM对于改善IBD患者的生活质量至关重要。除其他选择外，肿瘤坏死因子抗体治疗是IBD患者EIM的重要治疗方法。
