Novikov S M, Shashina T A, Dodina N S, Kislitsin V A, Vorobieva L M, Goriaev D V, Tikhonova I V, Kurkatov S V
Gig Sanit. 2015 Mar-Apr;94(2):88-92.
Krasnoyarsk Krai is a region with developed mining and processing industries, notoriously known industries, as sources of carcinogenic emission. For 55 administrative units of the Krai 303 large enterprises' industrial emissions were preliminary prioritized and their location was designated. Only 52% out of the carcinogens emitted into the ambient air by industries were controlled, in other environments the figures ranged from 20% (soil, food) to 48% (drinking water), 10 carcinogens were not controlled in the environment at all. Based on the results of ranking carcinogenic emission and analysis of the carcinogens monitoring in the environment in 2007-2011 31 substances were selected. A comparative analysis of multiple environmental carcinogenic risks showed that 78% of the areas, based on the receipt ofcarcinogensfrom two media, and 80% ofthe areas taking into account the receipt ofcarcinogens from three media attributed to the alarming level of risk for population, that requires continuous monitoring and routine health interventions for its mitigation. The maximal multiple environmental risk values that took into account inputs from all sources were close to the upper boundary alarming level of risk, in Divnogorsk (7,80E-04), Norilsk (7,97 E-04), Krasnoyarsk (8,84E-04) and Achinsk (9,4 E-04). The greatest inputs to total individual cancer risk from polluted ambient air were made by benzene, chromium VI, formaldehyde and nickel, from drinking water--by arsenic, aldrin and heptachlor from soil--by arsenic and lead. The ambient air input into total multiple environmental carcinogenic risk ranged from 31.5 to 99.5%, drinking water input--from 0.5 to 68.5%, soil--up to 0.1%. Areas with maximum levels of total carcinogenic risk are characterized by the highest levels of average long-term indices of cancer development. The study discussed in this article has screening nature. Further in-depth researches for carcinogenic and toxic multimedia risks are required.
克拉斯诺亚尔斯克边疆区是一个采矿和加工业发达的地区，其工业因致癌物质排放而声名狼藉。对该边疆区55个行政单位的303家大型企业的工业排放进行了初步优先级排序，并确定了其位置。工业排放到环境空气中的致癌物中，只有52%得到了控制，在其他环境中，这一比例从20%（土壤、食物）到48%（饮用水）不等，有10种致癌物在环境中完全没有得到控制。根据2007 - 2011年致癌物质排放排名结果和环境中致癌物监测分析，选取了31种物质。对多种环境致癌风险的比较分析表明，基于从两种介质中接收致癌物，78%的区域以及考虑从三种介质中接收致癌物时，80%的区域归因于对人群的高风险水平报警，这需要持续监测和常规健康干预措施来减轻风险。考虑到所有来源输入的最大多重环境风险值接近风险报警水平的上限，在季夫诺戈尔斯克（7.80E - 04）、诺里尔斯克（7.97E - 04）、克拉斯诺亚尔斯克（8.84E - 04）和阿钦斯克（9.4E - 04）。环境污染的环境空气中，对个体总癌症风险贡献最大的是苯、六价铬、甲醛和镍，饮用水中是砷、艾氏剂和七氯，土壤中是砷和铅。环境空气对总多重环境致癌风险的贡献范围为31.5%至99.5%，饮用水为0.5%至68.5%，土壤为0.1%。总致癌风险最高的地区，其癌症发展的平均长期指标水平也最高。本文所讨论的研究具有筛查性质。需要对致癌和有毒的多介质风险进行进一步深入研究。
