Hou Jia-Woei, Lin Ching-Ling, Tsai Yen-An, Chang Chia-Huang, Liao Kai-Wei, Yu Ching-Jung, Yang Winnie, Lee Ming-Jun, Huang Po-Chin, Sun Chien-Wen, Wang Yin-Han, Lin Fang-Ru, Wu Wen-Chiu, Lee Meng-Chih, Pan Wen-Harn, Chen Bai-Hsiun, Wu Ming-Tsang, Chen Chu-Chih, Wang Shu-Li, Lee Ching-Chang, Hsiung Chao Agnes, Chen Mei-Lien
Department of Pediatrics, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan.
School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2015 Oct;218(7):603-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.06.004. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
Some phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and nonylphenol (NP) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that are widely used in consumer products. Consequently, the general population is exposed simultaneously to both groups of chemicals.
To investigate the single- and co-exposure effects of PAEs (DMP, DEP, DnBP, DiBP, BBzP, and DEHP) and NP on obesity and pubertal maturity to compare the body sizes of general adolescents with the complainants of the phthalate-tainted foods scandal that occurred in Taiwan.
This study included 270 general adolescents aged 6.5-15.0 years and 38 complainants aged 6.5-8.5 years. Nine metabolites of the five PAEs and of NP were measured in urine. We used a questionnaire to evaluate pubertal maturity, measured anthropometric indices (APs) to assess body size, and collected urine samples to measure the two groups of chemicals.
We found that urinary PAE metabolite concentrations (specifically, metabolites of DEP, DnBP, DiBP, and DEHP) were positively associated with the APs for abdominal obesity (including skinfold thickness, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and waist-to-hip) and indicated a dose-response relationship. Mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) exposure was inversely associated with pubarche among boys. The daily intake of DEHP in general adolescents exceeded the reference doses (RfD-20 μg/kgbw/day) and tolerable daily intake (TDI-50 μg/kgbw/day) by 3.4% and 0.4%, respectively. No associations were observed between NP exposure or co-exposure and the APs or pubertal maturity. No significant differences were observed between general adolescents and the complainants with regard to weight, height, or BMI.
The study suggests that PAE (specifically, DEP, DnBP, DiBP, and DEHP) exposure is associated with abdominal obesity in adolescents and that the APs for abdominal obesity are more sensitive than BMI for measuring obesity among adolescents. We suggest that the RfD and TDI for PAEs should be revised to provide sufficient protection.
一些邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）和壬基酚（NP）是内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs），广泛应用于消费品中。因此，普通人群会同时接触这两类化学物质。
研究PAEs（邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯）和NP的单一暴露及共同暴露对肥胖和青春期成熟的影响，以比较一般青少年与台湾发生的邻苯二甲酸酯污染食品丑闻投诉者的体型。
本研究纳入了270名6.5至15.0岁的普通青少年和38名6.5至8.5岁的投诉者。检测了尿液中五种PAEs和NP的九种代谢物。我们使用问卷评估青春期成熟度，测量人体测量指标（APs）以评估体型，并收集尿液样本检测这两类化学物质。
我们发现尿液中PAE代谢物浓度（特别是邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯的代谢物）与腹部肥胖的人体测量指标呈正相关（包括皮褶厚度、腰围、腰高比和腰臀比），并呈现剂量反应关系。单甲基邻苯二甲酸酯（MMP）暴露与男孩阴毛初现呈负相关。一般青少年中邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯的每日摄入量分别超过参考剂量（RfD - 20μg/kgbw/天）和可耐受每日摄入量（TDI - 50μg/kgbw/天）3.4%和0.4%。未观察到NP暴露或共同暴露与人体测量指标或青春期成熟度之间的关联。在体重、身高或BMI方面，普通青少年与投诉者之间未观察到显著差异。
该研究表明，PAE（特别是邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯）暴露与青少年腹部肥胖有关，并且腹部肥胖的人体测量指标在测量青少年肥胖方面比BMI更敏感。我们建议修订PAEs的参考剂量和可耐受每日摄入量，以提供充分的保护。
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