DeFraia G S
Organizational Consulting, New York, USA.
Int J Occup Environ Med. 2015 Jul;6(3):155-68. doi: 10.15171/ijoem.2015.545.
Psychologically traumatic workplace events (known as critical incidents) occur within various work environments, with workgroups in certain industries vulnerable to multiple incidents. With the increasing prevalence of incidents in the USA, incident response is a growing practice area within occupational medicine, industrial psychology, occupational social work and other occupational health professions.
To analyze a measure of incident severity based on level of disruption to the workplace and explore whether incident severity varied among different industry settings or between workgroups experiencing multiple vs single traumatic incidents.
Administrative data mining was employed to examine practice data from a workplace trauma response unit in the USA. Bivariate analyses were conducted to test whether scores from an instrument measuring incident severity level varied among industry settings or between workgroups impacted by multiple vs isolated events.
Incident severity level differed among various industry settings. Banks, retail stores and fast food restaurants accounted for the most severe incidents, while industrial and manufacturing sites reported less severe incidents. Workgroups experiencing multiple incidents reported more severe incidents than workgroups experiencing a single incident.
Occupational health practitioners should be alert to industry differences in several areas: pre-incident resiliency training, the content of business recovery plans, assessing worker characteristics, strategies to assist continuous operations and assisting workgroups impacted by multiple or severe incidents.
心理创伤性工作场所事件（称为关键事件）发生在各种工作环境中，某些行业的工作团队容易遭遇多起此类事件。随着美国此类事件的日益普遍，事件应对成为职业医学、工业心理学、职业社会工作及其他职业健康专业领域中一个不断发展的业务范畴。
基于对工作场所的干扰程度分析一种事件严重程度的衡量方法，并探讨事件严重程度在不同行业环境之间或经历多起与单起创伤性事件的工作团队之间是否存在差异。
采用行政数据挖掘来检查来自美国一个工作场所创伤应对单位的实践数据。进行双变量分析以测试衡量事件严重程度水平的工具得分在行业环境之间或受多起与孤立事件影响的工作团队之间是否存在差异。
事件严重程度水平在不同行业环境之间存在差异。银行、零售店和快餐店发生的事件最为严重，而工业和制造场所报告的事件严重程度较低。经历多起事件的工作团队报告的事件比经历单起事件的工作团队更为严重。
职业健康从业者应在以下几个方面警惕行业差异：事件前的恢复力培训、业务恢复计划的内容、评估员工特征、协助持续运营的策略以及协助受多起或严重事件影响的工作团队。
