Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 9;16(16):2634. doi: 10.3390/nu16162634.
A healthy diet prevents overweight problems and hypertension. We investigated the associations of a healthy diet with the body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) in early childhood. In the GECKO birth cohort, height, weight, and BP were measured at 5 and 10 years of age. Diet was evaluated at 3 years using three diet scores: the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and the Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS). Linear and logistic regression models assessed the associations of diet scores with the BMI and BP. Of the 1077 children included, 10.8% were overweight or obese at 5 years. That number was 16.5% at 10 years. In addition, 34.5% had elevated BP at 5 years. That number was 23.9% at 10 years. Higher DASH, MDS, and LLDS, which indicate healthier diets, were all associated with lower BMI z-scores at 10 years of age. Higher DASH is related to lower overweight risk at 10 years. None of the diet scores were associated with BP or elevated BP at either 5 or 10 years. Also, in an overweight subset, diet was not related to BP. A healthy diet in early childhood is related to children being less overweight but not having lower BP at 10 years of age.
健康的饮食可以预防超重问题和高血压。我们研究了健康饮食与儿童早期的体重指数（BMI）和血压（BP）之间的关系。在 GECKO 出生队列中，在 5 岁和 10 岁时测量身高、体重和血压。在 3 岁时使用三种饮食评分评估饮食：停止高血压的饮食方法（DASH）、地中海饮食评分（MDS）和莱芬斯饮食评分（LLDS）。线性和逻辑回归模型评估了饮食评分与 BMI 和 BP 的关联。在 1077 名儿童中，5 岁时有 10.8%超重或肥胖。这个数字在 10 岁时是 16.5%。此外，5 岁时有 34.5%的儿童血压升高。这个数字在 10 岁时是 23.9%。更高的 DASH、MDS 和 LLDS，表明饮食更健康，与 10 岁时 BMI z 评分较低相关。较高的 DASH 与 10 岁时超重风险降低有关。在 5 岁或 10 岁时，没有任何饮食评分与 BP 或高血压有关。此外，在超重亚组中，饮食与 BP 无关。儿童在早期养成健康的饮食习惯与 10 岁时体重较轻有关，但与 BP 较低无关。
