Dai Jing, Ma Yihui, Shi Miusi, Cao Zhengguo, Zhang Yufeng, Miron Richard J
The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
Clin Oral Investig. 2016 Apr;20(3):581-8. doi: 10.1007/s00784-015-1531-3. Epub 2015 Jul 17.
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass, poor bone strength, and microarchitectural deterioration primarily in postmenopausal women. With respect to periodontal disease, osteoporosis is thought to contribute to pre-existing alveolar degeneration although the association between both diseases is not fully characterized. The aim of the present study was to observe the initial changes in mandibular alveolar bone for sham-operated and ovariectomized (OVX) rats in ligature-induced experimental periodontitis.
A total of 64 Wistar rats (7 weeks of age, 180-200 g) were used in this study (32 control sham-operated animals + ligature placement, 32 OVX animals + ligature placement). Following an 8-week period to induce an OVX model, micro-CT analysis was performed to calculate vertical and furcation bone loss of mandibular first molars at time points 0, 3, 7, and 11 days following ligature placement (six animals per group per time point). Furthermore, histological analysis was performed to calculate the loss of alveolar bone crest height from the cemento-enamel junction, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was utilized to calculate the number of osteoclasts.
The results from the present study demonstrate that OVX animals showed significant vertical bone loss at all time points when compared to control sham-operated animals. In the furcation area, no significant difference in bone loss was observed between sham-operated and OVX animals at 0, 3, and 7 days; however by 11 days, a significant decrease in bone volume/total volume and trabecular thickness was observed in the OVX group. The histological analysis also revealed that alveolar bone crest height was significantly reduced in OVX animals, and TRAP staining further revealed the greater number of multinucleated osteoclasts peaking at 3 days postligature placement.
The results from the present study demonstrate a direct correlation between the osteoporotic phenotype and the progression of periodontal breakdown in a diseased-induced animal model.
It may be suggested that an osteoporotic phenotype has the potential to speed periodontal breakdown and thus contributes to the overall degeneration of the periodontium in patients suffering from postmenopausal bone loss. Future research from human clinical studies are necessary to further understand the relationship between periodontal disease and osteoporosis.
骨质疏松症是一种主要发生在绝经后女性身上的疾病，其特征为骨量减少、骨强度降低以及微结构恶化。关于牙周疾病，尽管两种疾病之间的关联尚未完全明确，但骨质疏松症被认为会导致已有的牙槽骨退变。本研究的目的是观察结扎诱导的实验性牙周炎中假手术组和去卵巢（OVX）大鼠下颌牙槽骨的初始变化。
本研究共使用64只Wistar大鼠（7周龄，体重180 - 200克）（32只假手术对照组动物 + 结扎，32只OVX动物 + 结扎）。在诱导OVX模型8周后，在结扎后0、3、7和11天时间点进行显微CT分析，以计算下颌第一磨牙的垂直骨吸收和根分叉骨吸收（每组每个时间点6只动物）。此外，进行组织学分析以计算从牙骨质 - 釉质界处牙槽嵴高度的降低，并利用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）染色来计算破骨细胞数量。
本研究结果表明，与假手术对照组动物相比，OVX动物在所有时间点均表现出显著的垂直骨吸收。在根分叉区域，假手术组和OVX动物在0、3和7天时骨吸收无显著差异；然而到11天时，OVX组的骨体积/总体积和小梁厚度显著降低。组织学分析还显示，OVX动物的牙槽嵴高度显著降低，TRAP染色进一步显示多核破骨细胞数量在结扎后3天达到峰值。
本研究结果表明在疾病诱导的动物模型中，骨质疏松表型与牙周破坏进展之间存在直接关联。
可以推测，骨质疏松表型有可能加速牙周破坏，从而导致绝经后骨质流失患者牙周组织的整体退变。未来有必要开展人体临床研究以进一步了解牙周疾病与骨质疏松症之间的关系。
