University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Environmental Medicine Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Dec 1;536:108-115. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.117. Epub 2015 Jul 21.
Impacts of industrial emissions on outdoor air pollution in nearby communities are well-documented. Fewer studies, however, have explored impacts on indoor air quality in these communities. Because persons in northern climates spend a majority of their time indoors, understanding indoor exposures, and the role of outdoor air pollution in shaping such exposures, is a priority issue. Braddock and Clairton, Pennsylvania, industrial communities near Pittsburgh, are home to an active steel mill and coke works, respectively, and the population experiences elevated rates of childhood asthma. Twenty-one homes were selected for 1-week indoor sampling for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) during summer 2011 and winter 2012. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine contributions from both outdoor concentrations and indoor sources. In the models, an outdoor infiltration component explained 10 to 39% of variability in indoor air pollution for PM2.5, and 33 to 42% for BC. For both PM2.5 models and the summer BC model, smoking was a stronger predictor than outdoor pollution, as greater pollutant concentration increases were identified. For winter BC, the model was explained by outdoor pollution and an open windows modifier. In both seasons, indoor concentrations for both PM2.5 and BC were consistently higher than residence-specific outdoor concentration estimates. Mean indoor PM2.5 was higher, on average, during summer (25.8±22.7 μg/m3) than winter (18.9±13.2 μg/m3). Contrary to the study's hypothesis, outdoor concentrations accounted for only little to moderate variability (10 to 42%) in indoor concentrations; a much greater proportion of PM2.5 was explained by cigarette smoking. Outdoor infiltration was a stronger predictor for BC compared to PM2.5, especially in winter. Our results suggest that, even in industrial communities of high outdoor pollution concentrations, indoor activities--particularly cigarette smoking--may play a larger role in shaping indoor exposures.
工业排放对附近社区户外空气污染的影响已有大量记录。然而，较少的研究探讨了这些社区的室内空气质量影响。由于北方气候的人大部分时间都在室内度过，因此了解室内暴露情况以及户外空气污染在塑造这种暴露情况中的作用是一个优先事项。宾夕法尼亚州布拉多克和克莱尔顿是匹兹堡附近的工业社区，分别拥有一家活跃的钢厂和焦煤厂，当地人口的儿童哮喘发病率很高。2011 年夏季和 2012 年冬季，选择了 21 户家庭进行为期一周的细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和黑碳 (BC) 室内采样。使用多元线性回归模型来检查室外浓度和室内来源的贡献。在模型中，室外渗透成分解释了室内空气污染中 PM2.5 变异的 10%至 39%，BC 为 33%至 42%。对于 PM2.5 模型和夏季 BC 模型，吸烟比室外污染更具预测性，因为确定了更大的污染物浓度增加。对于冬季 BC，模型由室外污染和开窗修饰符解释。在两个季节中，PM2.5 和 BC 的室内浓度始终高于特定住所的室外浓度估计值。平均而言，夏季（25.8±22.7μg/m3）的室内 PM2.5 高于冬季（18.9±13.2μg/m3）。与研究假设相反，室外浓度仅解释了室内浓度的很小到中等变异（10%至 42%）；吸烟解释了 PM2.5 的比例更大。与 PM2.5 相比，室外渗透对 BC 的预测作用更强，尤其是在冬季。我们的结果表明，即使在户外污染浓度高的工业社区中，室内活动——尤其是吸烟——可能在塑造室内暴露方面发挥更大的作用。
Zotero 插件