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婴儿期面孔知觉的发展:感觉间干扰和单模态视觉促进。

The development of face perception in infancy: intersensory interference and unimodal visual facilitation.

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Florida International University.

出版信息

Dev Psychol. 2013 Oct;49(10):1919-30. doi: 10.1037/a0031238. Epub 2012 Dec 17.

Abstract

Although research has demonstrated impressive face perception skills of young infants, little attention has focused on conditions that enhance versus impair infant face perception. The present studies tested the prediction, generated from the intersensory redundancy hypothesis (IRH), that face discrimination, which relies on detection of visual featural information, would be impaired in the context of intersensory redundancy provided by audiovisual speech and enhanced in the absence of intersensory redundancy (unimodal visual and asynchronous audiovisual speech) in early development. Later in development, following improvements in attention, faces should be discriminated in both redundant audiovisual and nonredundant stimulation. Results supported these predictions. Two-month-old infants discriminated a novel face in unimodal visual and asynchronous audiovisual speech but not in synchronous audiovisual speech. By 3 months, face discrimination was evident even during synchronous audiovisual speech. These findings indicate that infant face perception is enhanced and emerges developmentally earlier following unimodal visual than synchronous audiovisual exposure and that intersensory redundancy generated by naturalistic audiovisual speech can interfere with face processing.

摘要

虽然研究已经证明了婴儿在面孔感知方面的出色能力,但很少有研究关注那些能够增强或削弱婴儿面孔感知的条件。本研究检验了来自感觉冗余假说(IRH)的预测,即依赖于视觉特征信息检测的面孔辨别能力,在视听语音提供的感觉冗余环境中会受到损害,而在早期发育中没有感觉冗余(单一视觉和异步视听语音)的情况下会得到增强。在发育后期,随着注意力的提高,在冗余的视听刺激和非冗余的刺激中都应该能够辨别面孔。结果支持了这些预测。两个月大的婴儿可以在单一视觉和异步视听语音中辨别出一个新的面孔,但不能在同步视听语音中辨别。到 3 个月大时,即使在同步视听语音中,也能明显进行面孔辨别。这些发现表明,与同步视听刺激相比,婴儿的面孔感知在单一视觉刺激下得到了增强,并在发展早期出现,而且自然的视听语音产生的感觉冗余会干扰面孔处理。

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