Mainda Geoffrey, Bessell Paul R, Muma John B, McAteer Sean P, Chase-Topping Margo E, Gibbons James, Stevens Mark P, Gally David L, deC Bronsvoort Barend M
1] Divisions of Immunity and Infection, Veterinary Clinical Sciences [2] District Veterinary Office, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock, P.O. Box 80285, Kabwe, Zambia.
Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 27;5:12439. doi: 10.1038/srep12439.
This study focused on the use of antibiotics on small, medium and commercial-sized dairy farms in the central region of Zambia and its relationship to antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. A stratified random sample of 104 farms was studied, representing approximately 20% of all dairy farms in the region. On each farm, faecal samples were collected from a random sample of animals and a standardised questionnaire on the usage of antibiotics was completed. An E. coli isolate was obtained from 98.67% (371/376) of the sampled animals and tested for resistance to six classes of antibiotics. The estimated prevalence of resistance across the different farming systems was: tetracycline (10.61; 95%CI: 7.40-13.82), ampicillin (6.02; 95%CI: 3.31-8.73), sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (4.49; 95%CI: 2.42-6.56), cefpodoxime (1.91; 95%CI: 0.46-3.36), gentamicin (0.89; 95%CI: 0.06-1.84) and ciprofloxacin (0%). Univariate analyses indicated certain diseases, exotic breeds, location, farm size and certain management practices as risk factors for detection of resistance, whereas multivariate analyses showed an association with lumpy skin disease and a protective effect for older animals (>25 months). This study has provided novel insights into the drivers of antibiotic use and their association with antibiotic resistance in an under-studied region of Southern Africa.
本研究聚焦于赞比亚中部地区小型、中型和商业化规模奶牛场抗生素的使用情况及其与大肠杆菌抗生素耐药性的关系。对104个农场进行了分层随机抽样研究，约占该地区所有奶牛场的20%。在每个农场，从随机抽取的动物中采集粪便样本，并完成一份关于抗生素使用情况的标准化问卷。从98.67%（371/376）的抽样动物中分离出大肠杆菌，并检测其对六类抗生素的耐药性。不同养殖系统中耐药性的估计流行率为：四环素（10.61；95%置信区间：7.40 - 13.82）、氨苄西林（6.02；95%置信区间：3.31 - 8.73）、磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（4.49；95%置信区间：2.42 - 6.56）、头孢泊肟（1.91；95%置信区间：0.46 - 3.36）、庆大霉素（0.89；95%置信区间：0.06 - 1.84）和环丙沙星（0%）。单因素分析表明某些疾病、外来品种、地理位置、农场规模和某些管理措施是检测到耐药性的风险因素，而多因素分析显示与结节性皮肤病有关，且对年龄较大的动物（>25个月）有保护作用。本研究为南部非洲一个研究较少地区抗生素使用的驱动因素及其与抗生素耐药性的关联提供了新的见解。
