Sosnowska Joanna, Walanus Adam, Balslev Henrik
W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Cracow, Poland.
Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
Hum Ecol Interdiscip J. 2015;43(3):451-466. doi: 10.1007/s10745-015-9745-1.
Palms are a natural resource that has been abundantly used by Amerindians for centuries. Only a few palm domestications have been reported in the American tropics, where there is great diversity of the family. We report the results of a survey combining ethnobotanical and ecological methods to study the past and present management and distribution of palms by the Asháninka indigenous people from the Tambo river region in the Peruvian Amazon. Our objectives were to document palm-related traditional ecological knowledge, to examine correlation between palm abundance and Asháninka management practices and social exchange of palm resources, and to address the question of how the Asháninka have modified palm diversity and distribution in their territory. We found that most palm species have multiple uses; the most intensively managed were palms that provide thatch, notably , and . Of these, was the most commonly cultivated and was found only in cultivated stands. Our results have implications for understanding the domestication of which is a landrace within the complex. A closer understanding of this process would require morphometric and genetic methods to compare wild and managed populations.
棕榈是一种自然资源，几个世纪以来一直被美洲印第安人大量使用。在美国热带地区，虽然棕榈科植物种类繁多，但只有少数几种棕榈被驯化的报道。我们报告了一项结合民族植物学和生态学方法的调查结果，以研究秘鲁亚马逊地区坦博河地区阿沙宁卡土著人民过去和现在对棕榈的管理及分布情况。我们的目标是记录与棕榈相关的传统生态知识，研究棕榈丰度与阿沙宁卡管理实践以及棕榈资源社会交换之间的相关性，并探讨阿沙宁卡如何改变其领土内棕榈的多样性和分布这一问题。我们发现大多数棕榈物种有多种用途；管理最为密集的是提供茅草的棕榈，特别是 、 和 。其中， 是最常种植的，且仅在人工种植林中有发现。我们的研究结果对于理解 （它是 复合体中的一个地方品种）的驯化具有启示意义。要更深入地了解这一过程，需要形态测量和基因方法来比较野生种群和人工管理种群。
