Natural Capital and Plant Health Department, The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Department of Geography, Bush House NE, King's College London, London, WC2B 4BG, UK.
Ambio. 2021 Sep;50(9):1681-1697. doi: 10.1007/s13280-021-01529-7. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
Overexploitation is the second biggest driver of global plant extinction. Meanwhile, useful plant species are vital to livelihoods across the world, with global conservation efforts increasingly applying the concept of 'conservation-through-use.' However, successfully balancing conservation and biodiversity use remains challenging. We reviewed literature on the sustainability of wild-collected plant use across the countries of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia-a region of global importance for its biological and cultural richness. After applying defined search terms and a two-stage screening process, 68 articles were reviewed. The numbers which reported sustainable, unsustainable, or context-dependent outcomes were relatively even, but national differences emerged. Through narrative synthesis, we identified five key, reoccurring themes: plant biology; land tenure; knowledge, resource, and capacity; economics and market pressures; and institutional structures, policy, and legislation. Our results show the need for flexible, context-specific approaches and the importance of collaboration, with bottom-up management and conservation methods involving local communities and traditional ecological knowledge often proving most effective.
过度开发是全球植物物种灭绝的第二大驱动因素。与此同时，有用的植物物种对世界各地的生计至关重要，全球保护工作越来越多地应用“通过利用进行保护”的概念。然而，成功地平衡保护和生物多样性的利用仍然具有挑战性。我们回顾了哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和玻利维亚这些国家在野生植物利用可持续性方面的文献，这些国家因其生物和文化多样性而具有全球重要性。在应用了定义的搜索词和两阶段筛选过程后，我们对 68 篇文章进行了回顾。报告可持续、不可持续或依赖背景的结果数量相对均匀，但也出现了国家差异。通过叙述性综合，我们确定了五个关键的、反复出现的主题：植物生物学；土地保有权；知识、资源和能力；经济和市场压力；以及制度结构、政策和立法。我们的研究结果表明需要灵活的、具体情况具体分析的方法，以及合作的重要性，涉及当地社区和传统生态知识的自下而上的管理和保护方法通常被证明是最有效的。
