多民族环境下医学生的压力、焦虑和抑郁
Stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students in a multiethnic setting.
作者信息
Kulsoom Bibi, Afsar Nasir Ali
机构信息
Department of Biochemistry, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015 Jul 16;11:1713-22. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S83577. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND
Contemporary literature suggests that medical education might adversely affect students' mental health. Alfaisal University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia is a developing institution; hence, there has been a concern regarding the mental well-being of the students.
OBJECTIVES
This study was designed to assess the traits of depression, anxiety, and stress among students in relation to potential underlying reasons.
METHODS
All 575 medical students across the 5 years of study participated by filling out the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire anonymously twice. Firstly, 2-3 weeks before a major examination (pre-examination), and secondly, during regular classes (post-examination). Correlation was sought regarding sex, year of scholarship, attendance of a premedical university preparatory program (UPP), housing, and smoking. Subjective comments from students were also obtained.
RESULTS
A total of 76.8% and 74.9% of students participated in pre-and post-examination groups, respectively. The majority were the children of expatriate workers in Saudi Arabia, and included Arabs, South Asians, and North Americans. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was high (43%, 63%, and 41%, respectively) which reduced (to 30%, 47%, and 30%, respectively) to some extent after examinations. Saudis and those who had attended UPP had higher DASS-21 scores. Smoking and female sex predicted higher levels of "baseline" depression, anxiety, or stress. The students perceived the curriculum and schedule to be the primary causes of their high DASS-21 scores.
CONCLUSION
The students had high "baseline" traits of depression, anxiety, and stress, and these were higher if an examination was near, especially among Saudis and those who had attended UPP. Smoking and female sex predicted higher levels of "baseline" depression, anxiety, or stress. Students suggested that study burden and a busy schedule were the major reasons for their high DASS-21 scores.
背景
当代文献表明，医学教育可能会对学生的心理健康产生不利影响。沙特阿拉伯利雅得的阿法赛勒大学是一所发展中的院校；因此，学生的心理健康状况备受关注。
目的
本研究旨在评估学生抑郁、焦虑和压力的特征及其潜在的根本原因。
方法
575名医学专业各年级的学生参与了研究，他们需匿名填写两次《抑郁、焦虑和压力量表-21》（DASS-21）问卷。第一次是在一次重要考试前2至3周（考前），第二次是在正常上课期间（考后）。研究分析了性别、奖学金年份、是否参加医学预科大学预备课程（UPP）、住房情况和吸烟习惯与上述特征之间的相关性。同时，还收集了学生的主观意见。
结果
分别有76.8%和74.9%的学生参与了考前和考后组的调查。大多数学生是沙特阿拉伯外籍工人的子女，包括阿拉伯人、南亚人和北美人。抑郁、焦虑和压力的患病率较高（分别为43%、63%和41%），考试后在一定程度上有所降低（分别降至30%、47%和30%）。沙特学生以及参加过UPP的学生DASS-21得分更高。吸烟和女性预示着更高水平的“基线”抑郁、焦虑或压力。学生们认为课程设置和时间表是他们DASS-21得分高的主要原因。
结论
学生具有较高的抑郁、焦虑和压力“基线”特征，临近考试时这些特征会更高，尤其是沙特学生和参加过UPP的学生。吸烟和女性预示着更高水平的“基线”抑郁、焦虑或压力。学生们表示学习负担和繁忙的日程安排是他们DASS-21得分高的主要原因。
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