McTeague Lisa M, Gruss L Forest, Keil Andreas
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
1] Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA [2] Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
Nat Commun. 2015 Jul 28;6:7823. doi: 10.1038/ncomms8823.
The responses of sensory cortical neurons are shaped by experience. As a result perceptual biases evolve, selectively facilitating the detection and identification of sensory events that are relevant for adaptive behaviour. Here we examine the involvement of human visual cortex in the formation of learned perceptual biases. We use classical aversive conditioning to associate one out of a series of oriented gratings with a noxious sound stimulus. After as few as two grating-sound pairings, visual cortical responses to the sound-paired grating show selective amplification. Furthermore, as learning progresses, responses to the orientations with greatest similarity to the sound-paired grating are increasingly suppressed, suggesting inhibitory interactions between orientation-selective neuronal populations. Changes in cortical connectivity between occipital and fronto-temporal regions mirror the changes in visuo-cortical response amplitudes. These findings suggest that short-term behaviourally driven retuning of human visual cortical neurons involves distal top-down projections as well as local inhibitory interactions.
感觉皮层神经元的反应受经验塑造。因此，感知偏差逐渐形成，有选择地促进对与适应性行为相关的感觉事件的检测和识别。在这里，我们研究人类视觉皮层在习得性感知偏差形成中的作用。我们使用经典厌恶性条件反射，将一系列定向光栅中的一个与有害声音刺激联系起来。仅经过两次光栅 - 声音配对后，视觉皮层对与声音配对的光栅的反应就表现出选择性放大。此外，随着学习的进行，对与声音配对光栅最相似方向的反应越来越受到抑制，这表明方向选择性神经元群体之间存在抑制性相互作用。枕叶和额颞叶区域之间皮层连接性的变化反映了视觉皮层反应幅度的变化。这些发现表明，人类视觉皮层神经元由行为驱动的短期重新调整涉及远端自上而下的投射以及局部抑制性相互作用。
