Wang Xi-Ling, Yang Lin, Chan Kwok-Hung, Chan King-Pan, Cao Pei-Hua, Lau Eric Ho-Yin, Peiris J S Malik, Wong Chit-Ming
Am J Epidemiol. 2015 Aug 15;182(4):335-44. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwv068. Epub 2015 Jul 27.
Few studies have explored age and sex differences in the disease burden of influenza, although men and women probably differ in their susceptibility to influenza infections. In this study, quasi-Poisson regression models were applied to weekly age- and sex-specific hospitalization numbers of pneumonia and influenza cases in the Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China, from 2004 to 2010. Age and sex differences were assessed by age- and sex-specific rates of excess hospitalization for influenza A subtypes A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and A(H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B, respectively. We found that, in children younger than 18 years, boys had a higher excess hospitalization rate than girls, with the male-to-female ratio of excess rate (MFR) ranging from 1.1 to 2.4. MFRs of hospitalization associated with different types/subtypes were less than 1.0 for adults younger than 40 years except for A(H3N2) (MFR = 1.6), while all the MFRs were equal to or higher than 1.0 in adults aged 40 years or more except for A(H1N1)pdm09 in elderly persons aged 65 years or more (MFR = 0.9). No MFR was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05) for hospitalizations associated with influenza type/subtype. There is some limited evidence on age and sex differences in hospitalization associated with influenza in the subtropical city of Hong Kong.
尽管男性和女性对流感感染的易感性可能存在差异，但很少有研究探讨流感疾病负担的年龄和性别差异。在本研究中，采用准泊松回归模型分析了2004年至2010年中华人民共和国香港特别行政区按年龄和性别分类的肺炎和流感病例每周住院人数。分别根据甲型H1N1、甲型H3N2、甲型H1N1pdm09流感病毒亚型和乙型流感的年龄和性别特异性超额住院率评估年龄和性别差异。我们发现，在18岁以下的儿童中，男孩的超额住院率高于女孩，超额率的男女比例（MFR）在1.1至2.4之间。40岁以下成年人中，除甲型H3N2流感（MFR = 1.6）外，与不同类型/亚型流感相关的住院MFR均小于1.0，而在40岁及以上成年人中，除65岁及以上老年人感染甲型H1N1pdm09流感（MFR = 0.9）外，所有MFR均等于或高于1.0。未发现与流感类型/亚型相关的住院MFR具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。在亚热带城市香港，关于流感相关住院的年龄和性别差异的证据有限。
