Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, 404-L, Boston, MA, 02218, USA,
Curr Environ Health Rep. 2015 Sep;2(3):250-8. doi: 10.1007/s40572-015-0063-y.
Green building design is becoming broadly adopted, with one green building standard reporting over 3.5 billion square feet certified to date. By definition, green buildings focus on minimizing impacts to the environment through reductions in energy usage, water usage, and minimizing environmental disturbances from the building site. Also by definition, but perhaps less widely recognized, green buildings aim to improve human health through design of healthy indoor environments. The benefits related to reduced energy and water consumption are well-documented, but the potential human health benefits of green buildings are only recently being investigated. The objective of our review was to examine the state of evidence on green building design as it specifically relates to indoor environmental quality and human health. Overall, the initial scientific evidence indicates better indoor environmental quality in green buildings versus non-green buildings, with direct benefits to human health for occupants of those buildings. A limitation of much of the research to date is the reliance on indirect, lagging and subjective measures of health. To address this, we propose a framework for identifying direct, objective and leading "Health Performance Indicators" for use in future studies of buildings and health.
绿色建筑设计正被广泛采用,据一份绿色建筑标准报告称,目前已有超过 35 亿平方英尺的建筑获得认证。根据定义,绿色建筑通过减少能源使用、用水量以及最大限度地减少建筑场地对环境的干扰,专注于将对环境的影响降至最低。同样根据定义,绿色建筑还旨在通过设计健康的室内环境来改善人类健康,但这一点可能认识度不高。减少能源和用水量带来的好处已有充分记录,但绿色建筑对人类健康的潜在好处最近才开始得到研究。我们审查的目的是研究绿色建筑设计与室内环境质量和人类健康之间的证据状况。总的来说,初步的科学证据表明,绿色建筑的室内环境质量优于非绿色建筑,这些建筑的居住者直接从中受益。迄今为止,许多研究的一个局限性是依赖于健康的间接、滞后和主观衡量标准。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个框架,用于确定用于未来建筑和健康研究的直接、客观和领先的“健康绩效指标”。