Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 16;19(12):7393. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127393.
Energy use in buildings can influence the indoor environment. Studies on green buildings, energy saving measures, energy use, fuel poverty, and ventilation have been reviewed, following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The database PubMed was searched for articles published up to 1 October 2020. In total, 68 relevant peer-reviewed epidemiological or exposure studies on radon, biological agents, and chemicals were included. The main aim was to assess current knowledge on how energy saving measures and energy use can influence health. The included studies concluded that buildings classified as green buildings can improve health. More efficient heating and increased thermal insulation can improve health in homes experiencing fuel poverty. However, energy-saving measures in airtight buildings and thermal insulation without installation of mechanical ventilation can impair health. Energy efficiency retrofits can increase indoor radon which can cause lung cancer. Installation of a mechanical ventilation systems can solve many of the negative effects linked to airtight buildings and energy efficiency retrofits. However, higher ventilation flow can increase the indoor exposure to outdoor air pollutants in areas with high levels of outdoor air pollution. Finally, future research needs concerning energy aspects of buildings and health were identified.
建筑物的能源使用会影响室内环境。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）的准则，对绿色建筑、节能措施、能源使用、燃料贫困和通风方面的研究进行了综述。在 PubMed 数据库中检索了截至 2020 年 10 月 1 日发表的文章。共纳入了 68 项关于氡、生物剂和化学物质的具有相关性的同行评审的流行病学或暴露研究。主要目的是评估节能措施和能源使用如何影响健康的现有知识。所纳入的研究得出结论，被归类为绿色建筑的建筑物可以改善健康。在燃料贫困的家庭中，更高效的供暖和增加隔热可以改善健康。然而，在密封建筑物和没有安装机械通风的隔热措施中，节能措施会损害健康。节能改造会增加室内氡，从而导致肺癌。安装机械通风系统可以解决与密封建筑物和节能改造相关的许多负面影响。然而，在室外空气污染水平较高的地区，更高的通风流量会增加室内对室外空气污染物的暴露。最后，确定了与建筑物能源方面和健康相关的未来研究需求。
