垃圾填埋场贫民窟的生活、儿童健康与千年发展目标。
Life in a landfill slum, children's health, and the Millennium Development Goals.
机构信息
Public Health Program, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA; Institute of the Study for Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA; Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Institute of the Study for Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA; Department of Geography, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Dec 1;536:408-418. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.137. Epub 2015 Jul 29.
People living in slums can be considered left behind with regard to national successes in achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the living and working conditions of waste pickers and their children in a landfill slum located in the largest city in eastern Indonesia. A total of 113 people from the landfill slum and 1184 people from the general population participated in face-to-face interviews. Municipal solid waste (MSW) was analyzed for metals, metalloids and fecal indicator bacteria. Ambient air quality including particulate matter was measured in the landfill. Households in the landfill slum were 5.73 (p=0.04) times more likely to be below the international poverty line (MDG 1: Poverty) and 15.6 times (p<0.01) more likely to have no one in the household possessing a primary education (MDG 2: Universal Education), and 107 times (p<0.01) more likely not to have improved sanitation facilities (MDG 7: Environmental Sustainability) when compared to the general population. Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death in children under five in Indonesia. Young children living in the landfill slum were 2.87 times (p=0.02) more likely to develop diarrhea than their general population counterparts. Other survey results and environmental measurements suggest that landfill slum children have additional adverse health effects (e.g. infections and poisoning). Poverty underlies several MDG issues that directly or indirectly affect child health. Therefore, eradicating extreme poverty will continue to be the most critical challenge for the MDGs beyond 2015.
生活在贫民窟的人可以被认为是在国家实现千年发展目标（MDGs）方面落后的人。本研究的目的是评估印度尼西亚东部最大城市一个垃圾填埋场贫民窟中拾荒者及其子女的生活和工作条件。共有 113 名来自垃圾填埋场贫民窟的人和 1184 名来自普通人群的人参加了面对面的访谈。对城市固体废物（MSW）进行了金属、类金属和粪便指示菌分析。在垃圾填埋场测量了包括颗粒物在内的环境空气质量。垃圾填埋场贫民窟的家庭有 5.73 倍（p=0.04）的可能性低于国际贫困线（千年发展目标 1：贫困），15.6 倍（p<0.01）的可能性家中没有人接受过小学教育（千年发展目标 2：普及教育），107 倍（p<0.01）的可能性没有改善卫生设施（千年发展目标 7：环境可持续性），而与普通人群相比。腹泻是印度尼西亚五岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因之一。生活在垃圾填埋场贫民窟的幼儿患腹泻的可能性比普通人群高 2.87 倍（p=0.02）。其他调查结果和环境测量结果表明，垃圾填埋场贫民窟的儿童还有其他不良健康影响（例如感染和中毒）。贫困是几个千年发展目标问题的根源，这些问题直接或间接影响儿童健康。因此，消除极端贫困将继续成为 2015 年以后千年发展目标面临的最关键挑战。
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