Division of Community Health and Family Medicine, Bangalore Baptist Hospital, Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore, 560024, India.
Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Nieuw Eyckholt 300, 6419, DJ, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
BMC Public Health. 2019 Apr 29;19(1):456. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6756-7.
Slums are home to nearly one billion people in the world and are expanding at an exponential rate. Devarjeevanahalli is a large notified slum in Bangalore, South India which is characterised by poverty, overcrowding, hazardous living environment and social complexities. The poor living conditions not only affect the health of the people living there but also poses distinctive challenges to conducting health surveys. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a household survey that was done to study the health condition of people living in a slum.
A community-based cross-sectional survey was designed to determine the prevalence of health conditions using a mobile screening toolkit-THULSI (Toolkit for Healthy Urban Life in Slums Initiative). Devarjeevanahalli slum was chosen purposively as it is fairly representative of any slum in a big city in India. Sample size was calculated as 1100 households and demographic parameters at the household level and parameters related to priority health conditions (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, anaemia and malnutrition) at the individual level were studied. Six zones within the slum were purposively selected and all the contiguous households were selected. The last of the six zones was partially surveyed as the desired sample size was achieved.
A total of 1186 households were surveyed and 3693 people were screened. More than three fourth (70.4%) of the population were below poverty line. Only one third had a regular job and the average daily income was 5.3$ and 2.6$ in men and women respectively. The prevalence of hypertension (35.5%), diabetes (16.6%) and anaemia (70.9%) was high in the screened slum population. Most of the people (56.5% of hypertensives and 34.4% diabetics) were screened for the first time. Almost half of the children under the age of five years were stunted.
Poor income security and huge burden of health issues were reported among adults and children in the household health screening in a large notified slum in South India. Most people were unaware of their disease condition prior to the screening. Relatively simple technological solutions enabled the local health team to screen the slum population despite many challenges.
贫民窟在全球范围内容纳了近 10 亿人口，并且其规模正在呈指数级增长。印度南部班加罗尔的德瓦拉杰瓦纳哈利是一个大型贫民窟，其特点是贫困、过度拥挤、危险的生活环境和复杂的社会问题。恶劣的生活条件不仅影响居民的健康，而且给进行健康调查带来了独特的挑战。本文旨在报告一项家庭调查的结果，该调查旨在研究居住在贫民窟的人们的健康状况。
采用基于社区的横断面调查设计，使用移动筛查工具包-THULSI（贫民窟健康城市生活倡议工具包）来确定健康状况的患病率。德瓦拉杰瓦纳哈利贫民窟是经过精心挑选的，因为它非常能代表印度大城市中的任何一个贫民窟。根据家庭人口计算样本量为 1100 户，研究家庭人口统计学参数和个人层面与优先健康状况（高血压、糖尿病、贫血和营养不良）相关的参数。贫民窟内选择了六个区域，然后选择所有相邻的家庭。第六个区域的最后一部分是部分调查的，因为已经达到了所需的样本量。
共调查了 1186 户家庭，筛查了 3693 人。超过四分之三（70.4%）的人口处于贫困线以下。只有三分之一的人有固定工作，男性和女性的平均日收入分别为 5.3 美元和 2.6 美元。筛查的贫民窟人口中，高血压（35.5%）、糖尿病（16.6%）和贫血（70.9%）的患病率较高。大多数人（高血压患者的 56.5%和糖尿病患者的 34.4%）是首次接受筛查。将近一半五岁以下的儿童发育迟缓。
在印度南部一个大型贫民窟的家庭健康筛查中，成年人和儿童报告了收入保障不足和健康问题负担沉重的情况。大多数人在筛查前都不知道自己的病情。尽管面临许多挑战，相对简单的技术解决方案使当地卫生团队能够对贫民窟人口进行筛查。
