Ozonoff Sally
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;56(9):933-5. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12452.
The signs of many mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions first appear in childhood and diagnosis can reliably be made by school age for most. Such conditions can be chronically disabling and confer significant long-term impairment. Determining early risk signs and first emerging symptoms of disorder is imperative to enhance early detection and to identify targets and ideal time points for prevention and intervention efforts. This Special Issue of JCPP focuses on the prospect of earlier identification of conditions that are traditionally diagnosed later in childhood. Ten invited empirical articles cover topics related to the science of early detection. Several are focused on prediction of later diagnosis, of functional impairment, and of future service utilization, while others cover instrument development and topics related to screening. The papers span the conditions of ADHD, ASD, dyslexia, mood dysregulation, disruptive behavior disorders, and anxiety disorders. This Editorial provides an overview of the invited contributions and the perspectives they provide on the ethical challenges and choices of a field still in its infancy.
许多心理健康和神经发育疾病的迹象最早出现在儿童时期，大多数情况下在学龄期就能可靠地做出诊断。这些疾病可能会导致长期残疾，并造成严重的长期损害。确定疾病的早期风险迹象和最初出现的症状对于加强早期检测以及确定预防和干预措施的目标及理想时间点至关重要。《儿童心理学与精神病学杂志》的这一特刊聚焦于传统上在儿童后期才被诊断出的疾病能否更早识别的前景。十篇特邀实证文章涵盖了与早期检测科学相关的主题。其中几篇聚焦于对后期诊断、功能损害以及未来服务利用的预测，而其他文章则涉及工具开发和与筛查相关的主题。这些论文涵盖了注意力缺陷多动障碍、自闭症谱系障碍、诵读困难、情绪调节障碍、破坏性行为障碍和焦虑症等疾病。本社论概述了特邀稿件及其对一个仍处于起步阶段的领域所面临的伦理挑战和选择的见解。
