Cambridge Well-Being Institute, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK ; Social Life (Social Enterprise Company) , London , UK ; Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.
Front Public Health. 2015 Jul 20;3:173. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00173. eCollection 2015.
The extent to which novel land-efficient neighborhood design can promote key health behaviors is examined, concentrating on communal outdoor space provision (COSP).
To test whether a neighborhood (Accordia) with a higher ratio of communal to private outdoor space is associated with higher levels of resident's (a) self-reported local health behaviors and (b) observed engagement in local health behaviors, compared to a matched neighborhood with lower proportion of COSP.
Health behaviors were examined via direct observation and postal survey. Bespoke observation codes and survey items represented key well-being behaviors including "connecting," "keeping active," "taking notice," "keep learning," and "giving." The questionnaire was validated using psychometric analyses and observed behaviors were mapped in real-time.
General pursuit of health behaviors was very similar in both areas but Accordia residents reported substantially greater levels of local activity. Validated testing of survey dataset (n = 256) showed support for a stronger Attitude to Neighborhood Life (connecting and giving locally) in Accordia and partial support of greater physical activity. Analyses of the behavior observation dataset (n = 7,298) support the self-reported findings. Mapped observations revealed a proliferation of activity within Accordia's innovative outdoor hard spaces.
Representation is limited to upper-middle class UK groups. However, Accordia was found to promote health behaviors compared a traditional neighborhood that demands considerably more land area. The positive role of home zone streets, hard-standing and semi-civic space highlights the principle of quality as well as quantity. The findings should be considered as part of three forthcoming locally led UK garden cities, to be built before 2020.
本研究旨在考察新型土地节约型邻里设计对关键健康行为的促进程度，重点关注公共户外空间供给（COSP）。
检验拥有更高公共户外空间与私人户外空间比例的邻里（Accordia）是否与居民更高水平的（a）自我报告的当地健康行为和（b）观察到的当地健康行为相关，与公共户外空间比例较低的匹配邻里相比。
通过直接观察和邮寄调查来检查健康行为。专门的观察代码和调查项目代表了关键的幸福感行为，包括“联系”、“保持活跃”、“注意”、“持续学习”和“给予”。该问卷通过心理测量分析进行了验证，并且实时映射了观察到的行为。
两个区域的总体健康行为追求非常相似，但 Accordia 的居民报告了更多的当地活动。对调查数据集（n=256）的验证性测试表明，在 Accordia 中存在更强的邻里生活态度（在当地联系和给予），并且在一定程度上支持了更多的体育锻炼。对行为观察数据集（n=7298）的分析支持了自我报告的发现。映射观察结果显示，Accordia 创新户外硬质空间内的活动呈激增态势。
研究结果仅局限于英国中上阶层群体。然而，与需要大量土地面积的传统邻里相比，Accordia 被发现能够促进健康行为。住区街道、硬地和半公共空间的积极作用凸显了质量与数量同等重要的原则。这些发现应该被视为即将在 2020 年前建成的三个英国本土花园城市的一部分。
