Jongeneel-Grimen Birthe, Droomers Mariël, van Oers Hans A M, Stronks Karien, Kunst Anton E
Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Centre for Public Health Status and Forecasting, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Academic Collaborative Centre for Public Health Brabant, Tranzo, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tilburg, P.O Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Health Place. 2014 Mar;26:149-60. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.12.003. Epub 2014 Jan 4.
There is limited evidence on the causality of previously observed associations between neighborhood characteristics and physical activity (PA). We aimed to assess whether individual-level PA was associated with changes in fear of crime, social cohesion, green spaces, parking facilities, social disorder, and physical disorder that occurred over the past 3 years. In general, in neighborhoods where residents had more favorable perceptions of the environment in 2006, residents were more likely to be physically active in 2009. In addition, improvements between 2006 and 2009 with respect to perceived social cohesion, green spaces, social disorder, and physical disorder were associated with increased odds of being active in 2009. For both the levels in 2006 and trends in the period 2006-2009, the associations were somewhat stronger among women than among men, but associations did not vary by age or length of residence. For several environmental factors, we observed that not only the levels at a certain point in time, but also recent improvements over time were related to PA. These results provide new support for a causal relationship between these environmental factors and PA.
关于先前观察到的社区特征与身体活动（PA）之间关联的因果关系，证据有限。我们旨在评估个体层面的PA是否与过去3年中发生的对犯罪的恐惧、社会凝聚力、绿地、停车设施、社会失序和物质失序的变化相关。总体而言，在2006年居民对环境有更积极看法的社区中，居民在2009年进行身体活动的可能性更大。此外，2006年至2009年期间，在感知到的社会凝聚力、绿地、社会失序和物质失序方面的改善与2009年活跃的几率增加相关。对于2006年的水平和2006 - 2009年期间的趋势，女性中的关联比男性中的关联更强一些，但关联不因年龄或居住时长而有所不同。对于几个环境因素，我们观察到不仅某个时间点的水平，而且随着时间的近期改善都与PA相关。这些结果为这些环境因素与PA之间的因果关系提供了新的支持。
