Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:747543. doi: 10.1155/2015/747543. Epub 2015 Jul 14.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious global public health problem that results in up to 2 million deaths each year. TB is caused by the human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which infects primarily innate immune cells patrolling the lung. Innate immune cells serve as barometers of the immune response against Mtb infection by determining the inflammatory milieu in the lungs and promoting the generation of adaptive immune responses. However, innate immune cells are also potential niches for bacterial replication and are readily manipulated by Mtb. Our understanding of the early interactions between Mtb and innate immune cells is limited, especially in the context of human infection. This review will focus on Mtb interactions with human macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and NK cells and detail evidence that Mtb modulation of these cells negatively impacts Mtb-specific immune responses. Furthermore, this review will emphasize important innate immune pathways uncovered through human immunogenetic studies. Insights into the human innate immune response to Mtb infection are necessary for providing a rational basis for the augmentation of immune responses against Mtb infection, especially with respect to the generation of effective anti-TB immunotherapeutics and vaccines.
结核病（TB）仍然是一个严重的全球公共卫生问题，每年导致多达 200 万人死亡。结核病是由人类病原体结核分枝杆菌（Mtb）引起的，主要感染肺部巡逻的先天免疫细胞。先天免疫细胞通过确定肺部的炎症环境并促进适应性免疫反应的产生，充当针对 Mtb 感染的免疫反应的晴雨表。然而，先天免疫细胞也是细菌复制的潜在小生境，并且很容易被 Mtb 操纵。我们对 Mtb 与先天免疫细胞之间早期相互作用的理解是有限的，特别是在人类感染的情况下。本综述将重点介绍 Mtb 与人类巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、中性粒细胞和 NK 细胞的相互作用，并详细说明 Mtb 对这些细胞的调节如何对 Mtb 特异性免疫反应产生负面影响。此外，本综述将强调通过人类免疫遗传学研究揭示的重要先天免疫途径。深入了解人类对 Mtb 感染的先天免疫反应对于增强针对 Mtb 感染的免疫反应提供合理的基础是必要的，特别是在生成有效的抗结核免疫治疗和疫苗方面。
