Shea Charles H, Buchanan John J, Kennedy Deanna M
Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2016 Apr;23(2):361-86. doi: 10.3758/s13423-015-0915-3.
For nearly four decades bimanual coordination, "a prototype of complex motor skills" and apparent "window into the design of the brain," has been intensively studied. Past research has focused on describing and modeling the constraints that allow the production of some coordination patterns while limiting effective performance of other bimanual coordination patterns. More recently researchers have identified a coalition of perception-action constraints that hinder the effective production of bimanual skills. The result has been that given specially designed contexts where one or more of these constraints are minimized, bimanual skills once thought difficult, if not impossible, to effectively produce without very extensive practice can be executed effectively with little or no practice. The challenge is to understand how these contextual constraints interact to allow or inhibit the production of complex bimanual coordination skills. In addition, the factors affecting the stability of bimanual coordination tasks needs to be re-conceptualized in terms of perception-related constraints arising from the environmental context in which performance is conducted and action constraints resident in the neuromotor system.
近四十年来，双手协调这一“复杂运动技能的原型”以及堪称“洞悉大脑设计的窗口”，一直受到深入研究。过去的研究主要集中于描述和建模各种限制条件，这些限制条件一方面允许某些协调模式的产生，另一方面又限制了其他双手协调模式的有效表现。最近，研究人员发现了一组感知 - 行动限制因素，这些因素阻碍了双手技能的有效产生。结果是，在经过特殊设计的情境中，当其中一个或多个限制因素被最小化时，那些曾经被认为即使不是不可能，也需要大量练习才能有效掌握的双手技能，现在只需很少或无需练习就能有效执行。挑战在于理解这些情境限制因素如何相互作用，从而允许或抑制复杂双手协调技能的产生。此外，影响双手协调任务稳定性的因素需要根据与感知相关的限制条件重新进行概念化，这些限制条件一方面源于执行任务时的环境背景，另一方面源于神经运动系统中的行动限制。
