Department of Health and Kinesiology, Human Performance Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2013 Feb;224(4):507-18. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3326-y. Epub 2012 Nov 15.
An experiment was designed to determine the effectiveness of auditory and visual models in the learning of a 2:3 bimanual tapping pattern. Participants were randomly assigned to an auditory model, visual model, auditory + visual model, or a control (visual metronome) group. The task for all groups was to tap a left side force transducer with the left hand and a right side force transducer with the right hand in attempt to produce the desired 2:3 bimanual coordination pattern. The auditory model consisted of a series of tones representing the goal pattern played prior to each practice trial. The visual model consisted of a visual display representing the goal tapping pattern. Visual pacing metronomes were provided to the control group. The right and left side metronomes flashed during the trial in a pattern representing the goal tapping pattern. Subjects in all groups performed 14 practice trials consisting of 15 s each devoted to tapping the goal pattern (total practice time = 3.5 min). A retention test without the aid of the models or metronomes was administered following the practice trials. The results for the model groups indicated extremely effective performance of the bimanual coordination patterns for the auditory, visual, and auditory + visual model conditions with not only the relative, but also the absolute characteristics of the models exhibited during retention testing. Retention performance for the visual metronome condition was less accurate and more variable than the three model conditions. In addition, the auditory + visual model condition resulted in retention performance that was more stable than the auditory model condition.
一项实验旨在确定听觉和视觉模型在学习 2:3 双手敲击模式中的有效性。参与者被随机分配到听觉模型、视觉模型、听觉+视觉模型或对照组（视觉节拍器）。所有组的任务都是用左手敲击左侧力传感器，用右手敲击右侧力传感器，以尝试产生所需的 2:3 双手协调模式。听觉模型由一系列代表目标模式的音调组成，在每次练习试验前播放。视觉模型由代表目标敲击模式的视觉显示组成。为对照组提供视觉定速节拍器。在试验过程中，右侧和左侧节拍器以代表目标敲击模式的模式闪烁。所有组的受试者都进行了 14 次练习试验，每次试验持续 15 秒，专门用于敲击目标模式（总练习时间为 3.5 分钟）。在练习试验后，不借助模型或节拍器进行了保留测试。模型组的结果表明，听觉、视觉和听觉+视觉模型条件下的双手协调模式表现出极高的有效性，不仅表现出模型的相对特征，还表现出模型的绝对特征。视觉节拍器条件下的保留测试表现不如三种模型条件准确，且变化更大。此外，听觉+视觉模型条件下的保留测试表现比听觉模型条件更稳定。
