School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWER), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
J Hazard Mater. 2015 Dec 30;300:745-753. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.08.016. Epub 2015 Aug 12.
The transformation of organic matters in swine, cow and chicken manures was compared and evaluated using elemental analysis, FTIR, (13)C NMR, pyrolysis/GC/MS, Biolog and multiple fluorochrome over 60 days composting. The results revealed that cow manure exhibited the greatest C/N and aromaticity, whereas chicken manure exhibited the highest nitrogen and sulfur contents. O-alkyl-C was predominant carbon structure in the three manures. Alkyl-C and carboxyl-C were decomposed dramatically in initial 10 days, and mineralization of O-alkyl-C dominated the curing stage. During pyrolysis of chicken, cow, and swine manures, the majority products were fatty acids, phenols and cholestene derivatives, respectively, however, phenols and cholestene derivatives were strongly reduced in the mature manures. Furthermore, microorganisms in the raw cow, chicken and swine manure demonstrated the highest degradation capabilities for carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, respectively. Spatial differences in the contents of solid organics in the manure particles were negligible through detection by multiple staining methods during composting.
采用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、（13）C 核磁共振、热裂解/气相色谱/质谱联用（Py-GC/MS）、Biolog 和多色荧光技术对猪、牛和鸡粪中有机物的转化进行了比较和评价。结果表明，牛粪具有最大的 C/N 和芳构化度，而鸡粪具有最高的氮和硫含量。O-烷基-C 是三种粪便中主要的碳结构。在最初的 10 天内，烷基-C 和羧基-C 被大量分解，而 O-烷基-C 的矿化则主导了腐熟阶段。在鸡、牛和猪粪的热裂解中，主要产物分别为脂肪酸、酚类和胆甾烯衍生物，但在成熟的粪肥中，酚类和胆甾烯衍生物的含量明显减少。此外，在原始牛、鸡和猪粪中，微生物对碳水化合物、脂质和氨基酸的降解能力分别最高。通过多染色方法检测，在堆肥过程中，粪粒中固相有机物的空间差异可以忽略不计。
