Eriksson Bo
Akademistatistik University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Scand J Public Health. 2015 Aug;43(16 Suppl):21-8. doi: 10.1177/1403494814568591.
The Nordic School of Public Health (NHV) was jointly founded in 1953 by the Nordic countries. Until 1979, the school provided ad hoc courses on public health topics, using external teachers drawn mainly from the Nordic countries. At the time, the permanent staff of the school was small. In 1979, it began a Master's degree programme and a few academic positions were established and filled, to support these courses. The programme included four main areas: Epidemiology, Social Medicine, Environmental Health and Health Services Administration. Epidemiology was compulsory in all Master of Public Health (MPH) exams, but there were a handful of optional courses that could be substituted for the other subjects.This paper tells the story of Epidemiology at NHV from about 1980, up until closure of the school in 2014. The original MPH model ran until 1995. Nursing Science entered NHV from about 1985 and worked mainly with qualitative research that often focused on individual patients. The new methods attracted nurses, midwives, psychologists and other groups that previously had been less represented in NHV. Being quantitative and population oriented, Epidemiology lost its unique position as a mandatory subject for the MPH examination. In addition the 'New Public Health' proposed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) that advocated health promotion and the philosophy of salutogenesis became a challenge for the programme in epidemiology: pathogenesis no longer was of primary interest. From 1995, the MPH format changed repeatedly and a DrPH programme was begun. For the last 8 years of its existence, NHV offered a reasonably comprehensive, basic course in Epidemiology.Throughout the years, epidemiology training and research at NHV were very traditional. In being a relatively free institution in terms of academic choices, NHV should have contributed to the development and innovation of epidemiology in public health. For several reasons, this did not happen.
北欧公共卫生学院（NHV）于1953年由北欧国家联合创立。直到1979年，该学院提供公共卫生主题的特设课程，主要聘请来自北欧国家的外部教师授课。当时，学院的常设工作人员规模较小。1979年，学院开始了硕士学位项目，并设立并填补了一些学术职位，以支持这些课程。该项目包括四个主要领域：流行病学、社会医学、环境卫生和卫生服务管理。流行病学在所有公共卫生硕士（MPH）考试中都是必修课，但也有一些选修课可以替代其他科目。本文讲述了从1980年左右到2014年学院关闭期间NHV的流行病学发展历程。最初的MPH模式一直运行到1995年。护理科学大约从1985年开始进入NHV，主要从事定性研究，通常聚焦于个体患者。这些新方法吸引了护士、助产士、心理学家以及其他之前在NHV中代表性较低的群体。由于流行病学是定量的且以人群为导向，它失去了作为MPH考试必修科目的独特地位。此外，世界卫生组织（WHO）提出的“新公共卫生”理念倡导健康促进和健康生成论，这对流行病学项目构成了挑战：发病机制不再是主要关注点。从1995年起，MPH模式多次变更，并且开始了一个公共卫生博士（DrPH）项目。在其存在的最后8年里，NHV提供了一门相当全面的流行病学基础课程。多年来，NHV的流行病学培训和研究都非常传统。作为一个在学术选择方面相对自由的机构，NHV本应推动公共卫生领域流行病学的发展与创新。但由于多种原因，这并未实现。
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