Reinders Ilse, Murphy Rachel A, Song Xiaoling, Mitchell Gary F, Visser Marjolein, Cotch Mary Frances, Garcia Melissa E, Launer Lenore J, Eiriksdottir Gudny, Gudnason Vilmundur, Harris Tamara B, Brouwer Ingeborg A
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD;
J Nutr. 2015 Oct;145(10):2317-24. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.212282. Epub 2015 Aug 26.
Higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and higher circulating PUFAs are associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The positive influence of PUFAs might be via lowering arterial stiffness, resulting in a better CVD risk profile; however, studies investigating circulating PUFAs in relation to arterial stiffness in a general population are limited.
We investigated the associations of plasma phospholipid n-3 (ω-3) and n-6 PUFAs and fish oil intake with arterial stiffness.
We used data from a subgroup of the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik (AGES-Reykjavik) Study (n = 501, 75.0 ± 4.96 y, 46% men), a population-based study of community-dwelling older adults. Plasma phospholipid PUFAs were measured by GC at baseline, and fish oil intake was assessed at 3 time points: early life (ages 14-19 y), midlife (ages 40-50 y), and late life (ages 66-96 y, AGES-Reykjavik baseline) with the use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Arterial stiffness was determined as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) with the use of an electrocardiogram after a mean follow-up of 5.2 ± 0.3 y. Regression coefficients (95% CIs), adjusted for demographics, follow-up time, risk factors, cholesterol, triglycerides, and serum vitamin D, were calculated by linear regression per SD increment in PUFAs.
Plasma total n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were associated with lower cf-PWV [β (95% CI): -0.036 (-0.064, -0.008); -0.031 (-0.059, -0.003); -0.036 (-0.064, -0.009), respectively]. In contrast, plasma total n-6 PUFAs and linoleic acid were associated with higher cf-PWV [0.035 (0.009, 0.061) and 0.034 (0.008, 0.059)]. Regular fish oil consumption at early-, mid-, and late-life was not associated with cf-PWV.
Our results show a positive association between plasma n-6 PUFAs and arterial stiffness, and suggest that higher concentrations of plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs are associated with less arterial stiffness and therein may be one of the mechanisms underlying the association between plasma n-3 PUFAs and lower CVD risk.
多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）摄入量增加以及循环中PUFAs水平升高与心血管疾病（CVD）风险降低相关。PUFAs的积极影响可能是通过降低动脉僵硬度，从而改善CVD风险状况；然而，在普通人群中研究循环PUFAs与动脉僵硬度关系的研究有限。
我们研究了血浆磷脂n-3（ω-3）和n-6 PUFAs以及鱼油摄入量与动脉僵硬度之间的关联。
我们使用了年龄、基因/环境易感性-雷克雅未克（AGES-雷克雅未克）研究的一个亚组的数据（n = 501，75.0±4.96岁，46%为男性），这是一项针对社区居住老年人的基于人群的研究。在基线时通过气相色谱法测量血浆磷脂PUFAs，并使用经过验证的食物频率问卷在三个时间点评估鱼油摄入量：早年（14 - 19岁）、中年（40 - 50岁）和晚年（66 - 96岁，AGES-雷克雅未克基线）。在平均随访5.2±0.3年后，使用心电图测定动脉僵硬度作为颈股脉搏波速度（cf-PWV）。通过线性回归计算每标准差增加的PUFAs的回归系数（95%可信区间），并对人口统计学、随访时间、危险因素、胆固醇、甘油三酯和血清维生素D进行调整。
血浆总n-3 PUFAs、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸与较低的cf-PWV相关[β（95%可信区间）：分别为-0.036（-0.064，-0.008）；-0.031（-0.059，-0.003）；-0.036（-0.064，-0.009）]。相比之下，血浆总n-6 PUFAs和亚油酸与较高的cf-PWV相关[0.035（0.009，0.061）和0.034（0.008，0.059）]。早年、中年和晚年定期食用鱼油与cf-PWV无关。
我们的结果显示血浆n-6 PUFAs与动脉僵硬度之间呈正相关，并表明血浆长链n-3 PUFAs浓度较高与动脉僵硬度较低相关，这可能是血浆n-3 PUFAs与较低CVD风险之间关联的潜在机制之一。
