Fitzgerald John S, Peterson Ben J, Warpeha Joseph M, Johnson Sam C, Ingraham Stacy J
1Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Public Health Education, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota; 2Human and Sports Performance Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and 3Department of Exercise Physiology, College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, Minnesota.
J Strength Cond Res. 2015 Sep;29(9):2513-21. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000887.
Recent evidence suggests that athletes are at risk for poor vitamin D status. This study used a cross-sectional design to investigate the strength of association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and measures of maximal-intensity exercise performance in competitive hockey players. Fifty-three collegiate and junior male ice hockey players training near Minneapolis, MN (44.9° N latitude) participated in the study during the off-season (May 16-June 28). Circulating 25(OH)D concentration, grip strength, vertical jump performance, and power production during the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) were evaluated. Despite no athletes with 25(OH)D concentration indicative of deficiency (<20 ng·mL), positive bivariate correlations were detected between vitamin D status, relative grip strength (p = 0.024), and peak power during the WAnT (p = 0.035). Only for relative grip strength (p = 0.043), did 25(OH)D concentration predict performance after adjusting for level of play, fat-free mass, fat mass, and self-reported total physical activity in sequential linear regression. Vitamin D status was positively associated with starting gradient (p = 0.020) during the squat jump, with higher concentrations associated with increased rate of force development in the initial portion of the jump. Interventional trials should investigate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on maximal-intensity exercise performance outcomes and rate of force development in large samples of vitamin D-deficient athletes while controlling for training exposure. Our data indicate that if vitamin D status is causally related to maximal-intensity exercise performance in athletes, the effect size is likely small.
近期证据表明，运动员存在维生素D水平低下的风险。本研究采用横断面设计，调查了25-羟基维生素D（25(OH)D）浓度与竞技曲棍球运动员最大强度运动表现指标之间的关联强度。53名在明尼阿波利斯市（北纬44.9°）附近训练的大学和青少年男子冰球运动员在休赛期（5月16日至6月28日）参与了该研究。评估了循环25(OH)D浓度、握力、垂直跳跃表现以及温盖特无氧测试（WAnT）期间的功率输出。尽管没有运动员的25(OH)D浓度表明缺乏（<20 ng·mL），但在维生素D状态、相对握力（p = 0.024）和WAnT期间的峰值功率（p = 0.035）之间检测到了正相关。在逐步线性回归中，仅对于相对握力（p = 0.043），在调整比赛水平、去脂体重、脂肪量和自我报告的总身体活动水平后，25(OH)D浓度可预测表现。维生素D状态与深蹲跳期间的起始梯度呈正相关（p = 0.020），浓度越高与跳跃初始阶段力量发展速率增加相关。干预试验应研究补充维生素D对大量维生素D缺乏运动员的最大强度运动表现结果和力量发展速率的影响，同时控制训练暴露。我们的数据表明，如果维生素D状态与运动员的最大强度运动表现存在因果关系，则效应大小可能较小。
