Friborg Oddgeir, Emaus Nina, Rosenvinge Jan H, Bilden Unni, Olsen Jan Abel, Pettersen Gunn
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0136588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136588. eCollection 2015.
This general population-based study examined associations between violence and mental health, musculoskeletal pain, and early disability pension. The prevalence and consequences of good vs. poor adjustment (resilience vs. vulnerability) following encounters with violence were also examined. Data were based on the sixth wave of the "Tromsø Study" (N = 12,981; 65.7% response rate, 53.4% women, M-age = 57.5 years, SD-age = 12.7 years). Self-reported data on psychological (threats) and physical violence (beaten/kicked), mental health (anxiety/depression), musculoskeletal pain (MSP), and granting of disability pension (DP) were collected. Men suffered more violent events during childhood than women did, and vice versa during adulthood. Psychological violence implied poorer mental health and slightly more MSP than physical violence. The risk of MSP was highest for violence occurring during childhood in women and during the last year for men. A dose-response relationship between an increasing number of violent encounters and poorer health was observed. About 58% of individuals reported no negative impact of violence (hence, resilience group), whereas 42% considered themselves as more vulnerable following encounters with violence. Regression analyses indicated comparable mental health but slightly more MSP in the resilience group compared to the unexposed group, whereas the vulnerable group had significantly worse health overall and a higher risk of early granting of DP. Resilience is not an all-or-nothing matter, as physical ailments may characterize individuals adapting well following encounters with violence.
这项基于普通人群的研究调查了暴力与心理健康、肌肉骨骼疼痛和早期残疾抚恤金之间的关联。研究还考察了遭遇暴力后良好适应（恢复力与脆弱性）与不良适应的患病率及后果。数据基于“特罗姆瑟研究”的第六波调查（N = 12,981；回应率65.7%，女性占53.4%，年龄中位数 = 57.5岁，年龄标准差 = 12.7岁）。收集了关于心理暴力（威胁）和身体暴力（被殴打/踢）、心理健康（焦虑/抑郁）、肌肉骨骼疼痛（MSP）以及残疾抚恤金发放情况（DP）的自我报告数据。男性在童年时期遭受的暴力事件比女性更多，而在成年期则相反。心理暴力比身体暴力意味着更差的心理健康和略多的肌肉骨骼疼痛。女性在童年时期遭遇暴力时肌肉骨骼疼痛的风险最高，而男性在过去一年遭遇暴力时风险最高。观察到暴力事件数量增加与健康状况变差之间存在剂量反应关系。约58%的个体报告暴力没有负面影响（因此属于恢复力组），而42%的个体认为自己在遭遇暴力后更脆弱。回归分析表明，与未暴露组相比，恢复力组的心理健康状况相当，但肌肉骨骼疼痛略多，而脆弱组的整体健康状况明显更差，早期获得残疾抚恤金的风险更高。恢复力并非全有或全无的问题，因为身体疾病可能是遭遇暴力后适应良好的个体的特征。
