Bullock T, Cecotti H, Giesbrecht B
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Neuroscience. 2015 Oct 29;307:138-50. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.046. Epub 2015 Aug 28.
Acute bouts of aerobic physical exercise can modulate subsequent cognitive task performance and oscillatory brain activity measured with electroencephalography (EEG). Here, we investigated the sequencing of these modulations of perceptual and cognitive processes using scalp recorded EEG acquired during exercise. Twelve participants viewed pseudo-random sequences of frequent non-target stimuli (cars), infrequent distractors (obliquely oriented faces) and infrequent targets that required a simple detection response (obliquely oriented faces, where the angle was different than the infrequent distractors). The sequences were presented while seated on a stationary bike under three conditions during which scalp recorded EEG was also acquired: rest, low-intensity exercise, and high-intensity exercise. Behavioral target detection was faster during high-intensity exercise compared to both rest and low-intensity exercise. An event-related potential (ERP) analysis of the EEG data revealed that the mean amplitude of the visual P1 component evoked by frequent non-targets measured at parietal-occipital electrodes was larger during low-intensity exercise compared to rest. The P1 component evoked by infrequent targets also peaked earlier during low-intensity exercise compared to rest and high-intensity exercise. The P3a ERP component evoked by infrequent distractors measured at parietal electrodes peaked significantly earlier during both low- and high-intensity exercise when compared to rest. The modulation of the visual P1 and the later P3a components is consistent with the conclusion that exercise modulates multiple stages of neural information processing, ranging from early stage sensory processing (P1) to post-perceptual target categorization (P3a).
急性有氧运动可以调节随后的认知任务表现以及通过脑电图（EEG）测量的脑电振荡活动。在此，我们利用运动期间记录的头皮脑电图来研究这些感知和认知过程调节的顺序。12名参与者观看了频繁出现的非目标刺激（汽车）、偶尔出现的干扰物（倾斜的面孔）和需要简单检测反应的偶尔出现的目标（倾斜的面孔，其角度与偶尔出现的干扰物不同）的伪随机序列。这些序列在参与者坐在固定自行车上时呈现，同时记录头皮脑电图，共三种条件：休息、低强度运动和高强度运动。与休息和低强度运动相比，高强度运动期间的行为目标检测更快。对脑电图数据进行的事件相关电位（ERP）分析表明，与休息相比，在顶枕电极测量的由频繁非目标刺激诱发的视觉P1成分的平均幅度在低强度运动期间更大。与休息和高强度运动相比，由偶尔出现的目标诱发的P1成分在低强度运动期间也更早达到峰值。在顶叶电极测量的由偶尔出现的干扰物诱发的P3a ERP成分在低强度和高强度运动期间与休息相比均显著更早达到峰值。视觉P1和较晚的P3a成分的调节与运动调节神经信息处理的多个阶段这一结论一致，范围从早期感觉处理（P1）到感知后目标分类（P3a）。
