Chan Hsiao-Lung, Ouyang Yuan, Lai Cheng-Chou, Lin Ming-An, Chang Ya-Ju, Chen Szi-Wen, Liaw Jiunn-Woei, Meng Ling-Fu
Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023 Oct 17;15(1):133. doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00749-6.
Various neurocognitive tests have shown that cycling enhances cognitive performance compared to resting. Event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by an oddball or flanker task have clarified the impact of dual-task cycling on perception and attention. In this study, we investigate the effect of cycling on cognitive recruitment during tasks that involve not only stimulus identification but also semantic processing and memory retention.
We recruited 24 healthy young adults (12 males, 12 females; mean age = 22.71, SD = 1.97 years) to perform three neurocognitive tasks (namely color-word matching, arithmetic calculation, and spatial working memory) at rest and while cycling, employing a within-subject design with rest/cycling counterbalancing.
The reaction time on the spatial working memory task was faster while cycling than at rest at a level approaching statistical significance. The commission error percentage on the color-word matching task was significantly lower at rest than while cycling. Dual-task cycling while responding to neurocognitive tests elicited the following results: (a) a greater ERP P1 amplitude, delayed P3a latency, less negative N4, and less positivity in the late slow wave (LSW) during color-word matching; (b) a greater P1 amplitude during memory encoding and smaller posterior negativity during memory retention on the spatial working memory task; and (c) a smaller P3 amplitude, followed by a more negative N4 and less LSW positivity during arithmetic calculation.
The encoding of color-word and spatial information while cycling may have resulted in compensatory visual processing and attention allocation to cope with the additional cycling task load. The dual-task cycling and cognitive performance reduced the demands of semantic processing for color-word matching and the cognitive load associated with temporarily suspending spatial information. While dual-tasking may have required enhanced semantic processing to initiate mental arithmetic, a compensatory decrement was noted during arithmetic calculation. These significant neurocognitive findings demonstrate the effect of cycling on semantic-demand and memory retention-demand tasks.
各种神经认知测试表明，与休息相比，骑自行车能提高认知表现。由Oddball或侧翼任务诱发的事件相关电位（ERP）已阐明了双任务骑行对感知和注意力的影响。在本研究中，我们调查了骑行对涉及刺激识别、语义处理和记忆保持的任务期间认知募集的影响。
我们招募了24名健康的年轻成年人（12名男性，12名女性；平均年龄 = 22.71，标准差 = 1.97岁），采用休息/骑行平衡的被试内设计，让他们在休息和骑行时执行三项神经认知任务（即颜色-单词匹配、算术计算和空间工作记忆）。
在空间工作记忆任务上，骑行时的反应时间比休息时更快，接近统计学显著水平。颜色-单词匹配任务中的错误率在休息时显著低于骑行时。在对神经认知测试做出反应时进行双任务骑行产生了以下结果：（a）在颜色-单词匹配期间，ERP的P波1波幅更大、P波3a潜伏期延迟、N波4负性更小以及晚期慢波（LSW）正性更小；（b）在空间工作记忆任务中，记忆编码期间P波1波幅更大，记忆保持期间后部负性更小；（c）在算术计算期间，P波3波幅更小，随后N波4更负且LSW正性更小。
骑行时对颜色-单词和空间信息的编码可能导致了补偿性视觉处理和注意力分配，以应对额外的骑行任务负荷。双任务骑行和认知表现降低了颜色-单词匹配的语义处理需求以及与暂时中止空间信息相关的认知负荷。虽然双任务可能需要增强语义处理来启动心算，但在算术计算期间观察到了补偿性减少。这些显著的神经认知结果证明了骑行对语义需求和记忆保持需求任务的影响。
