Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Dec 15;538:468-77. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.083. Epub 2015 Aug 27.
Chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in the basin of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America include per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) classified as perfluoroalkyl acids. We investigated several PFASs, and specifically 13 C4-C16 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), 4 (C4, C6, C8 and C10) perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFEtCHxS) and selected precursors (e.g. perfluorobutane sulfonamide and perfluorooctane sulfonamide) in herring gull (Larus argentatus) eggs collected in 2012-2013 from 19 Canadian and U.S. colony sites across the Great Lakes. C6, C8 and C10 PFSAs, PFEtCHxS, and C7-14 and C16 PFCAs were quantifiable at >97% of the 114 egg samples. PFEtCHxS concentrations ranged from n.d. to 3.1ng/g ww (highest in Lake Michigan eggs). Mean Σ4PFSA (92 to 97% perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)) and Σ9PFCA concentration ranges were 44 to 740 and 4.8 to 118ng/g ww, respectively. Σ4PFSA showed a clear increasing concentration trend from the northwest to the southeast colonies. Also, Σ4PFCA to Σ9PFSA concentration ratios in gull eggs were greater in eggs from Lake Superior relative to colonies in the other lakes. PFOS concentrations in some egg samples were greater than some of the known lowest observed effect concentrations (LOECs) measured and reported in captive bird model studies. This study showed the increasing complexity of PFAS-CECs, and emphasized the importance of continuing monitoring of bioaccumulative PFAS in Great Lakes herring gulls.
北美的北美大湖流域的新兴关注化学物质（CECs）包括被归类为全氟烷基酸的 全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）。我们研究了几种 PFASs，特别是 13 种 C4-C16 全氟羧酸（PFCAs）、4 种（C4、C6、C8 和 C10）全氟磺酸（PFSAs）、全氟-4-乙基环己烷磺酸（PFEtCHxS）和选定的前体（例如全氟丁烷磺酰胺和全氟辛烷磺酰胺），这些物质是在 2012-2013 年从大湖地区 19 个加拿大和美国殖民地采集的海鸥（Larus argentatus）蛋中提取的。C6、C8 和 C10 PFSAs、PFEtCHxS、C7-14 和 C16 PFCAs 在 114 个蛋样中可定量测定的比例大于 97%。PFEtCHxS 浓度范围从未检出到 3.1ng/g ww（密歇根湖蛋中最高）。Σ4PFSA（92-97%全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS））和Σ9PFCA 的浓度范围分别为 44-740 和 4.8-118ng/g ww。Σ4PFSA 从西北到东南殖民地呈明显上升浓度趋势。此外，与其他湖泊的殖民地相比，在苏必利尔湖蛋中的 Σ4PFCA 与 Σ9PFSA 的浓度比值更高。一些蛋样中的 PFOS 浓度高于一些在笼养鸟模型研究中测量和报告的已知最低观察效应浓度（LOECs）。本研究表明了 PFAS-CECs 的复杂性不断增加，并强调了继续监测大湖海鸥中生物累积性 PFAS 的重要性。
