Su Guanyong, Letcher Robert J, Moore Jeremy N, Williams Lisa L, Grasman Keith A
Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Wildlife and Landscape Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Center, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Mar;222:154-164. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.061. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
A broad suite of 87 contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including 26 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 23 non-PBDEs halogenated FRs (NPHFRs), 16 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 4 perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), 13 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and 5 emerging perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) or precursors, were determined in 30 individual Caspian tern (listed as a threatened species in the U.S. State of Michigan) eggs collected in 2013 and 2014 from Michigan nesting sites on Two Tree Island (St, Mary's River), Charity Reef (Saginaw Bay) and Channel-Shelter Island (a Confined Disposal Facility (CDF) in Saginaw Bay). The same CEC suite was determined in 10 herring gull eggs on the Pipe Island Twins in the lower St. Mary's River. In tern eggs, the order of concentrations were ΣPFSA (mean: 793 ng/g wet weight (ww); range: 116-4690 ng/g ww) > ΣPFCAs (131; 30.4-506 ng/g ww) ≈ ΣPBDEs (86.7; 32.4-189 ng/g ww) » ΣNPHFRs (0.67; ND-4.3 ng/g ww) ≈ ΣOPEs (0.46; ND-2.89 ng/g ww). Compared to gull eggs collected from the same area, tern egg exposure contained significantly lower concentrations of ΣPBDE, but with up to 10 times greater mean concentrations of ΣPFSAs and ΣPFCAs. This study highlights the importance of consistent monitoring in eggs of different Great Lakes birds of PBDEs, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoro-4-ethylcyclohexane sulfonate (PFEtCHxS) given that: 1) PBDE concentrations in all analyzed avian eggs exceeded or approached a concentration of 29 ng/g ww, which for birds is the current Canadian FEQG (Federal Environmental Quality Guideline); 2) ΣPBDE concentrations were comparable to lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) values reported in the literature; 3) PFOS concentrations in Caspian tern eggs were extremely high with many eggs across sites exceeding 1 ppm, and with the greatest being up to 4.7 ppm; and 4) PFEtCHxS, a potentially persistent and bioaccumulative substance, showed a detection frequency of 100% in 40 of the analyzed eggs.
在2013年和2014年从密歇根州双树岛（圣玛丽河）、慈善礁（萨吉诺湾）和海峡庇护岛（萨吉诺湾的一个受限处置设施）的密歇根筑巢地收集的30枚里海鸥（在美国密歇根州被列为受威胁物种）的单个鸟蛋中，测定了一组广泛的87种新兴关注污染物（CEC），包括26种多溴二苯醚（PBDE）、23种非PBDE卤代阻燃剂（NPHFR）、16种有机磷酸酯（OPE）、4种全氟磺酸（PFSA）、13种全氟羧酸（PFCA）和5种新兴全氟烷基酸（PFAA）或其前体。在圣玛丽河下游的派普岛双胞胎岛上的10枚银鸥蛋中也测定了相同的CEC组。在燕鸥蛋中，浓度顺序为ΣPFSA（均值：793纳克/克湿重（ww）；范围：116 - 4690纳克/克ww）＞ΣPFCA（131；30.4 - 506纳克/克ww）≈ΣPBDE（86.7；32.4 - 189纳克/克ww）»ΣNPHFR（0.67；未检出 - 4.3纳克/克ww）≈ΣOPE（0.46；未检出 - 2.89纳克/克ww）。与从同一地区收集的鸥蛋相比，燕鸥蛋中的暴露所含的ΣPBDE浓度显著更低，但ΣPFSA和ΣPFCA的平均浓度高达其10倍。这项研究强调了对五大湖不同鸟类蛋中PBDE、全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟 - 4 - 乙基环己烷磺酸（PFEtCHxS）进行持续监测的重要性，原因如下：1）所有分析的禽蛋中的PBDE浓度超过或接近29纳克/克ww的浓度，这对鸟类来说是当前的加拿大联邦环境质量指南；2）ΣPBDE浓度与文献中报道的最低观察效应浓度（LOEC）值相当；3）里海鸥蛋中的PFOS浓度极高，多个地点的许多蛋超过1 ppm，最高达4.7 ppm；4）PFEtCHxS是一种潜在的持久性和生物累积性物质，在所分析的40枚蛋中的检出频率为100%。
