Smith Valerie J, Dyrynda Elisabeth A
Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB Scotland, UK.
Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, UK.
Mol Immunol. 2015 Dec;68(2 Pt B):383-98. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.08.009. Epub 2015 Aug 29.
This review describes the main types of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) synthesised by crustaceans, primarily those identified in shrimp, crayfish, crab and lobster. It includes an overview of their range of microbicidal activities and the current landscape of our understanding of their gene expression patterns in different body tissues. It further summarises how their expression might change following various types of immune challenges. The review further considers proteins or protein fragments from crustaceans that have antimicrobial properties but are more usually associated with other biological functions, or are derived from such proteins. It discusses how these unconventional AMPs might be generated at, or delivered to, sites of infection and how they might contribute to crustacean host defence in vivo. It also highlights recent work that is starting to reveal the extent of multi-functionality displayed by some decapod AMPs, particularly their participation in other aspects of host protection. Examples of such activities include proteinase inhibition, phagocytosis, antiviral activity and haematopoiesis.
本综述描述了甲壳类动物合成的主要抗菌肽类型，主要是在虾、小龙虾、螃蟹和龙虾中发现的那些。它概述了它们的杀菌活性范围以及我们目前对它们在不同身体组织中的基因表达模式的理解情况。它进一步总结了在各种免疫挑战后它们的表达可能如何变化。该综述还考虑了来自甲壳类动物的具有抗菌特性但通常与其他生物学功能相关或源自此类蛋白质的蛋白质或蛋白质片段。它讨论了这些非常规抗菌肽如何在感染部位产生或递送至感染部位，以及它们如何在体内对甲壳类动物宿主防御做出贡献。它还强调了最近的研究工作，这些工作开始揭示一些十足目抗菌肽所表现出的多功能程度，特别是它们在宿主保护其他方面的参与情况。此类活动的例子包括蛋白酶抑制、吞噬作用、抗病毒活性和造血作用。
