Guo P P, Li P L, Li Z C, Stein H H, Liu L, Xia T, Yang Y Y, Ma Y X
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA .
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2015 Oct;28(10):1488-95. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0019.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of post-harvest storage duration and wheat variety on the digestibility and energy content of new season wheat fed to finishing pigs. Two wheat varieties (Shi and Zhong) were harvested in 2013 and stored in the warehouse of the Fengning Pig Experimental Base at China Agricultural University for 3, 6, 9, or 12 mo. For each storage period, 12 barrows were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to diets containing 1 of the 2 wheat varieties in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets contained 97.34% wheat and 2.66% of a vitamin and trace mineral premix. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) of the wheat decreased by 2.0% and 12.01%, respectively, while the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch content increased by 30.26%, 19.08%, and 2.46%, respectively. Total non-starch polysaccharide, total arabinose, total xylose and total mannose contents decreased by 46.27%, 45.80%, 41.71%, and 75.66%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition between the two wheat varieties with the exception of ADF which was approximately 13.37% lower in Shi. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) content and the apparent total tract digestibility of GE, CP, dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, ADF and metabolizability of energy in wheat decreased linearly (p<0.01) by 5.74%, 7.60%, 3.75%, 3.88%, 3.50%, 2.47%, 26.22%, 27.62%, and 3.94%, respectively. But the digestibility of NDF changed quadratically (p<0.01). There was an interaction between wheat variety and storage time for CP digestibility (p<0.05), such that the CP digestibility of variety Zhong was stable during 9 mo of storage, while the CP digestibility of variety Shi decreased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the GE, DE, and ME of wheat was stable during the first 3 to 6 mo of post-harvest storage, and decreased during the following 6 to 12 mo of storage under the conditions of this study.
本研究旨在调查收获后储存时间和小麦品种对育肥猪所采食的新季小麦消化率和能量含量的影响。2013年收获了两个小麦品种（石和中），并在中国农业大学丰宁猪实验基地的仓库中储存3、6、9或12个月。对于每个储存期，将12头公猪放入代谢笼中，并采用随机完全区组设计，分配到含有两种小麦品种之一的日粮中。实验日粮包含97.34%的小麦和2.66%的维生素和微量元素预混料。随着储存时间从3个月延长至12个月，小麦的总能（GE）和粗蛋白（CP）分别下降了2.0%和12.01%，而中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）浓度和淀粉含量分别增加了30.26%、19.08%和2.46%。总非淀粉多糖、总阿拉伯糖、总木糖和总甘露糖含量分别下降了46.27%、45.80%、41.71%和75.66%。然而，除ADF外，两个小麦品种的化学成分没有显著差异，石品种的ADF约低13.37%。随着储存时间从3个月延长至12个月，小麦的消化能（DE）、代谢能（ME）含量以及GE、CP、干物质、有机物、乙醚提取物、ADF的表观全肠道消化率和能量代谢率呈线性下降（p<0.01），分别下降了5.74%、7.60%、3.75%、3.88%、3.50%、2.47%、26.22%、27.62%和3.94%。但NDF的消化率呈二次曲线变化（p<0.01）。CP消化率存在小麦品种和储存时间的交互作用（p<0.05），即中品种在储存9个月期间CP消化率稳定，而石品种的CP消化率下降（p<0.05）。总之，在本研究条件下，小麦的GE、DE和ME在收获后储存的前3至6个月内稳定，在随后的6至12个月内下降。
