Wymore Brand Meghan, Wannemuehler Michael J, Phillips Gregory J, Proctor Alexandra, Overstreet Anne-Marie, Jergens Albert E, Orcutt Roger P, Fox James G
Meghan Wymore Brand, DVM, is a graduate student in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. Michael J. Wannemuehler, MS, PhD, is Professor and Chair in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. Gregory J. Phillips, MA, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. Alexandra Proctor is a graduate student in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. Anne-Marie Overstreet, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend in South Bend, Indiana. Albert E. Jergens, DVM, MS, PhD, is Professor and Associate Chair for Research and Graduate Studies in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. Roger P. Orcutt, PhD, is a consultant at Biomedical Research Associates in Dunkirk, New York. James G. Fox, MS, DVM, is Director of the Division of Comparative Medicine and Professor in the Department of Biological Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
ILAR J. 2015;56(2):169-78. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilv012.
The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota forms a mutualistic relationship with the host through complex and dynamic interactions. Because of the complexity and interindividual variation of the GI microbiota, investigating how members of the microbiota interact with each other, as well as with the host, is daunting. The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) is a model community of eight microorganisms that was developed by R.P. Orcutt and has been in use since the late 1970s. The eight microorganisms composing the ASF were all derived from mice, can be cultured in vitro, and are stably passed through multiple generations (at least 15 years or more by the authors) in gnotobiotic mice continually bred in isolator facilities. With the limitations associated with conventional, mono- or biassociated, and germfree mice, use of mice colonized with a consortium of known bacteria that naturally inhabit the murine gut offers a powerful system to investigate mechanisms governing host-microbiota relationships, and how members of the GI microbiota interact with one another. The ASF community offers significant advantages to study homeostatic as well as disease-related interactions by taking advantage of a well-defined, limited community of microorganisms. For example, quantification and spatial distribution of individual members, microbial genetic manipulation, genomic-scale analysis, and identification of microorganism-specific host immune responses are all achievable using the ASF model. This review compiles highlights associated with the 37-year history of the ASF, including descriptions of its continued use in biomedical research to elucidate the complexities of host-microbiome interactions in health and disease.
胃肠道（GI）微生物群通过复杂而动态的相互作用与宿主形成共生关系。由于胃肠道微生物群的复杂性和个体差异，研究微生物群成员之间以及与宿主之间的相互作用极具挑战性。改良的悉生菌群（ASF）是由R.P.奥克特开发的一个包含八种微生物的模型群落，自20世纪70年代末以来一直在使用。组成ASF的八种微生物均源自小鼠，可在体外培养，并在隔离设施中连续饲养的无菌小鼠中稳定传代（作者记录至少15年或更长时间）。鉴于传统的单菌或双菌关联小鼠以及无菌小鼠存在局限性，使用定殖有自然栖息于小鼠肠道的已知细菌群落的小鼠，为研究宿主-微生物群关系的调控机制以及胃肠道微生物群成员之间的相互作用提供了一个强大的系统。ASF群落利用定义明确、有限的微生物群落，在研究稳态以及疾病相关相互作用方面具有显著优势。例如，使用ASF模型可以实现单个成员的定量和空间分布、微生物基因操作、基因组规模分析以及微生物特异性宿主免疫反应的鉴定。本综述汇集了与ASF 37年历史相关的亮点，包括其在生物医学研究中持续用于阐明健康和疾病中宿主-微生物组相互作用复杂性的描述。
