Lu Kun, Mahbub Ridwan, Fox James G
Kun Lu, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Environmental Health Science at the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. Ridwan Mahbub, BSA, MS, was a graduate student in the laboratory of Dr. Kun Lu at University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. James G. Fox, DVM, is currently Professor and Director of the Division of Comparative Medicine at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
ILAR J. 2015;56(2):218-27. doi: 10.1093/ilar/ilv018.
The human body is host to 100 trillion gut microbes, approximately 10-times more than all human cells. It is estimated that the approximately 500-1000 species residing in the human gut encode 150-fold more unique genes than the human genome. The gut microbiota has important functions in metabolic processing, such as energy production, immune cell development, food digestion, and epithelial homeostasis. It has been increasingly recognized that a dysregulated gut microbiome contributes in a significant way to a variety of diseases, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease. In particular, accumulating evidence indicates that functional interactions between the gut microbiome and xenobiotics play a role in mediating chemical toxicity and causing or exacerbating human disease. This review summarizes emerging evidence that illustrates how xenobiotics can affect the gut microbiome structure, create functional changes to the gut microbiome, and become biotransformed by the gut microbiome.
人体是100万亿肠道微生物的宿主，这一数量大约是人体所有细胞数量的10倍。据估计，存在于人体肠道中的约500 - 1000种微生物所编码的独特基因比人类基因组多150倍。肠道微生物群在代谢过程中具有重要功能，如能量产生、免疫细胞发育、食物消化和上皮稳态维持。人们越来越认识到，肠道微生物群失调在很大程度上导致了多种疾病，包括糖尿病、肥胖症、心血管疾病、过敏和炎症性肠病。特别是，越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物群与外源性物质之间的功能相互作用在介导化学毒性以及引发或加剧人类疾病方面发挥着作用。本综述总结了新出现的证据，这些证据说明了外源性物质如何影响肠道微生物群结构、引起肠道微生物群功能变化以及被肠道微生物群进行生物转化。
