Brodauf L, Heßing K, Hoffmann R, Friemert B
Klinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie, Rekonstruktive und Septische Chirurgie, Sporttraumatologie, Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland.
Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie und orthopädische Chirurgie, BG-Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland.
Unfallchirurg. 2015 Oct;118(10):890-900. doi: 10.1007/s00113-015-0063-2.
The white paper on the medical care of the severely injured published in 2006 is a collection of proposals and recommendations concerning structure, organization and equipment for the medical care of severely injured patients. Since its publication 50 networks ( http://www.dgu-traumanetzwerk.de/index ) have been established as part of the trauma network. This and the trauma register have helped to continuously improve the medical care of severely injured patients since 1993 [26]. Numerous studies have documented the progress made in measures required by the trauma network [4, 6]. For example, the mortality rate of severely injured patients has dropped from 25 % to approximately 10 % in the past 15 years. From the register and network data it is difficult to tell how each of these measures is implemented in the participating hospitals, who provides medical treatment to patients when, and how medical care is organized in detail. This is why a survey on medical care for polytrauma and in mass casualty situations was conducted among medical directors in German surgical hospitals who are members of the German Society for Trauma Surgery (DGU). Thanks to the 211 participants (most of whom specialize in orthopedic and trauma surgery) a detailed description of how medical treatment is currently organized and performed could be acquired. The survey showed that care of patients with polytrauma (i.e. medical treatment and management) is important irrespective of the level of training of physicians and of the level of patient treatment in hospitals. The central role of traumatologists was emphasized not only in terms of actual treatment but also as an administrator for organizational and management matters. Almost all hospitals have plans for a mass casualty situation; however, the levels of preparedness show considerable variation. A highly critical view is taken of the new surgical specialists with respect to interdisciplinary and comprehensive emergency medical treatment and casualty care. The survey also revealed the continual conflict between managing costs and maintaining quality and resources. It gives an overview of patient treatment in the transition from preclinical to clinical care and provides insights into the targets achieved, current problems and conflicts.
2006年发布的重伤员医疗白皮书是有关重伤患者医疗结构、组织和设备的提议与建议汇总。自发布以来,作为创伤网络的一部分,已建立了50个网络(http://www.dgu-traumanetzwerk.de/index)。自1993年以来,这一网络和创伤登记册有助于持续改善重伤患者的医疗服务[26]。众多研究记录了创伤网络所要求措施取得的进展[4, 6]。例如,重伤患者的死亡率在过去15年中已从25%降至约10%。从登记册和网络数据中,很难了解这些措施在参与医院中是如何具体实施的,患者何时由谁提供治疗,以及医疗服务是如何详细组织的。这就是为何对德国创伤外科学会(DGU)成员、德国外科医院的医疗主任进行了一项关于多发伤和大规模伤亡情况下医疗服务的调查。得益于211名参与者(其中大多数专长于骨科和创伤外科),得以获取当前医疗治疗是如何组织和实施的详细描述。调查表明,无论医生的培训水平和医院患者治疗水平如何,多发伤患者的护理(即医疗治疗和管理)都很重要。创伤科医生的核心作用不仅体现在实际治疗方面,还体现在组织和管理事务的管理方面。几乎所有医院都有应对大规模伤亡情况的计划;然而,准备程度差异很大。对于新的外科专科医生在跨学科和全面紧急医疗治疗及伤亡护理方面持高度批评态度。调查还揭示了成本管理与维持质量和资源之间持续存在的冲突。它概述了从临床前护理到临床护理过渡期间的患者治疗情况,并深入了解了已实现的目标、当前问题和冲突。