探究自闭症社交与沟通缺陷和精神病态冷酷无情特质之间的遗传及环境关联。
Examining the Genetic and Environmental Associations between Autistic Social and Communication Deficits and Psychopathic Callous-Unemotional Traits.
作者信息
O'Nions Elizabeth, Tick Beata, Rijsdijk Fruhling, Happé Francesca, Plomin Robert, Ronald Angelica, Viding Essi
机构信息
MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Developmental Risk & Resilience Unit, Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology Research Department, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2015 Sep 1;10(9):e0134331. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134331. eCollection 2015.
BACKGROUND
Difficulties in appropriate social interaction are characteristic of both children with autism spectrum disorders and children with callous-unemotional traits (who are at risk of developing psychopathy). Extant experimental studies suggest that the nature of atypical social cognition that characterises these two profiles is not identical. However, 'empathizing' difficulties have been hypothesised for both groups, raising questions about the degree of aetiological separation between social impairments that characterize each disorder. This study explored the relative contribution of independent vs. shared aetiological influences to social and communication impairments associated with autistic traits and callous-unemotional traits, indexed by parent-report in a population-based cohort of twins.
METHODS
Participants were over 5,000 twin pairs from a UK cohort (the Twins Early Development Study; TEDS), assessed for callous-unemotional traits at 7 years and autistic social and communication impairments at 8 years. Multivariate model-fitting was used to explore the relative contribution of independent vs. overlapping genetic/environmental influences on these traits.
RESULTS
Both social and communication impairments and callous-unemotional traits were highly heritable, although the genetic and environmental influences accounting for individual differences on each domain were predominantly independent.
CONCLUSIONS
Extant evidence from experimental and neuro-imaging studies has suggested that, despite some superficially overlapping behaviours, the social difficulties seen in children with autism spectrum disorders and callous-unemotional traits are largely distinct. The current study is the first to demonstrate considerable aetiological independence of the social interaction difficulties seen in children with autism spectrum disorders and those with callous-unemotional traits.
背景
社交互动困难是自闭症谱系障碍儿童和具有冷酷无情特质儿童（有发展为精神病态风险）的共同特征。现有实验研究表明，这两种特征所具有的非典型社会认知的本质并不相同。然而，两组儿童都被推测存在“共情”困难，这引发了关于每种障碍所特有的社会障碍之间病因分离程度的问题。本研究通过基于人群的双胞胎队列中父母报告的数据，探讨了独立病因影响与共同病因影响对与自闭症特质和冷酷无情特质相关的社交及沟通障碍的相对贡献。
方法
参与者来自英国队列（双胞胎早期发展研究；TEDS）的5000多对双胞胎，在7岁时评估冷酷无情特质，在8岁时评估自闭症社交及沟通障碍。采用多变量模型拟合来探讨独立与重叠的遗传/环境影响对这些特质的相对贡献。
结果
社交及沟通障碍和冷酷无情特质都具有高度遗传性，尽管每个领域个体差异的遗传和环境影响主要是独立的。
结论
实验和神经影像学研究的现有证据表明，尽管存在一些表面上重叠的行为，但自闭症谱系障碍儿童和具有冷酷无情特质儿童所表现出的社交困难在很大程度上是不同的。本研究首次证明，自闭症谱系障碍儿童和具有冷酷无情特质儿童所表现出的社交互动困难在病因上具有相当大的独立性。
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