Gacek Maria
Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, University School of Physical Education in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
Prz Menopauzalny. 2014 Mar;13(1):27-31. doi: 10.5114/pm.2014.41081. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
The aim of this study was to analyze selected individual determinants of consumption of soy products and legumes by menopausal women. The analyzed individual characteristics included the level of general self-efficacy, optimism, and satisfaction with life. The study, using a questionnaire for the assessment of food product consumption frequency, and psychological tests (GSES, LOT-R, SWLS), was conducted in a group of 320 women aged between 45 and 55 years. Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation and the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Dunn test for multiple comparisons were used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).
The analyzed 45-55-year-old women consumed legume seeds several times a month on average, while the frequency of soy/soy product consumption was lower than once a month. Statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of soy product consumption increased with the level of self-efficacy, optimism and satisfaction with life (p < 0.01). Also the increased frequency of legume seed consumption was associated with higher level of optimism and satisfaction with life (p < 0.01).
Intergroup comparisons of the average consumption frequency of these products confirmed that legume seeds were significantly more frequently chosen by women characterized by high rather than low levels of optimism (3.36 vs. 2.62, p < 0.001) and satisfaction with life (3.36 vs. 2.65, p < 0.01). Also soy products were preferred significantly more often by women with higher levels of optimism (2.00 vs. 1.38, p < 0.05) and satisfaction with life (2.02 vs. 1.39, p < 0.05).
The consumption of legume seeds, and especially soy products, was revealed to be very low among perimenopausal women, and varied depending on the analyzed individual traits, with a tendency to more frequent ingestion by individuals with higher levels of self-efficacy, optimism, and satisfaction with life.
本研究旨在分析绝经后女性食用豆制品和豆类的个体决定因素。所分析的个体特征包括一般自我效能感水平、乐观程度和生活满意度。该研究使用一份评估食品消费频率的问卷以及心理测试（一般自我效能感量表、生活取向测试修订版、生活满意度量表），对320名年龄在45至55岁之间的女性进行了调查。采用Spearman等级相关系数以及Kruskal-Wallis检验和Dunn多重比较检验进行统计分析（p<0.05）。
所分析的45至55岁女性平均每月食用豆类种子数次，而大豆/豆制品的消费频率低于每月一次。统计分析表明，豆制品的消费频率随着自我效能感、乐观程度和生活满意度水平的提高而增加（p<0.01）。豆类种子消费频率的增加也与更高的乐观程度和生活满意度相关（p<0.01）。
这些产品平均消费频率的组间比较证实，乐观程度高而非低的女性（3.36对2.62，p<0.001）以及生活满意度高的女性（3.36对2.65，p<0.01）显著更频繁地选择豆类种子。乐观程度高的女性（2.00对1.38，p<0.05）和生活满意度高的女性（2.02对1.39，p<0.05）也显著更频繁地选择豆制品。
围绝经期女性豆类种子尤其是豆制品的消费量很低，且因所分析的个体特征而异，自我效能感、乐观程度和生活满意度较高的个体有更频繁摄入的趋势。
