Lyu Yanyu, Zhang Hao, Gong Yueqiu, Wang Dan, Chen Ting, Guo Xianghui, Yang Suhong, Liu Danyan, Kang Meixia
Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, No.2 Yabao Street, 100020, Beijing, China.
Chaoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2015 Nov;59(6):421-9. doi: 10.1007/s10384-015-0409-x. Epub 2015 Sep 2.
To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for myopia in primary school children in Chaoyang District, Beijing.
This cross-sectional prevalence survey was conducted in September to October 2011 in 4 schools randomly chosen from among the 126 primary schools in Chaoyang District. Students were assessed with autorefractometry under cycloplegia and checked with retinoscopy for accuracy. Questionnaires were completed by the students' parents.
Myopia was present in 36.7 ± 0.7% of 4249 students aged 5-14 years old. The prevalence of myopia in girls (38.6 ± 1.1%) was significantly higher than in boys (35.0 ± 1.0 %) (p = 0.015) and increased with age (p < 0.001), with the highest prevalence observed in children aged ≥11 years (67.5 ± 1.8%). After adjustment, having a myopic parent (aOR 3.10; 95% CI 2.49-3.86), incorrect reading posture (aOR 2.09; 95% CI 1.75-2.50), reading a book at a distance of <20 cm (aOR 1.60; 95% CI 1.16-2.21), studying at home for >3 h daily (aOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.12-2.01), studying for >1 h continuously (aOR 1.21; 95% CI 1.02-1.45), and reading extracurricular books that utilize a font larger than that used in textbooks (aOR 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.94) were all significantly associated with myopia.
The prevalence of myopia among primary school children in Beijing increased with age, and was significantly higher in girls ≥10 years old. Myopia was significantly associated with parental myopia, reading posture, distance between the eyes and the book being read, font size used in extracurricular reading material, time spent studying at home, and the duration of continuous study time.
确定北京市朝阳区小学生近视的患病率及其危险因素。
2011年9月至10月，在朝阳区126所小学中随机抽取4所学校进行本次横断面患病率调查。学生在睫状肌麻痹下接受自动验光，并通过检眼镜检查以确保准确性。学生家长完成问卷调查。
4249名5至14岁学生中，近视患病率为36.7±0.7%。女生近视患病率（38.6±1.1%）显著高于男生（35.0±1.0%）（p = 0.015），且随年龄增长而增加（p < 0.001），11岁及以上儿童近视患病率最高（67.5±1.8%）。调整后，父母近视（调整后比值比[aOR] 3.10；95%置信区间[CI] 2.49 - 3.86）、阅读姿势不正确（aOR 2.09；95% CI 1.75 - 2.50）、在距离小于20厘米处看书（aOR 1.60；95% CI 1.16 - 2.21）、每天在家学习超过3小时（aOR 1.50；95% CI 1.12 - 2.01）、连续学习超过1小时（aOR 1.21；95% CI 1.02 - 1.45）以及阅读使用比教科书字体大的课外书籍（aOR 0.74；95% CI 0.59 - 0.94）均与近视显著相关。
北京市小学生近视患病率随年龄增长而增加，10岁及以上女生患病率显著更高。近视与父母近视、阅读姿势、眼睛与阅读书籍的距离、课外阅读材料使用的字体大小、在家学习时间以及连续学习时长显著相关。
